高级英语写作指南PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

高级英语写作指南PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

PART I Warming Up1

CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Writing in English5

WHY IS WRITING SO IMPORTANT6

Writing Influences the Way We Think6

Writing Contributes to the Way We Learn8

Good Writing Leads to Success in College and Career8

Writing Enriches Personal Growth9

WHAT IS GOOD WRITING11

Good Writing Is Good Thinking11

Good Writing Involves Thoughtful Revision13

Good Writing Is Directed Toward an Audience14

Good Writing Achieves a Clear Purpose17

Good Writing Expresses Ideas Clearly18

YOUR ROAD TO SUCCESS AS A NON-NATIVE SPEAKER19

Your Advantages as a Non-native Speaker20

Your Disadvantages as a Non-native Speaker22

Tips for Improving Your English24

CHAPTER 2 The Writing Process:A Bird;s-Eye View34

WRITING AS A SOCIAL ACT34

Topic or Subject36

Audience37

Purpose and Role42

WRITING AS A PROCESS44

Inventing45

Planning and Drafting46

Revising48

Editing and Proofreading49

Writing as a Recursive Process49

PART Ⅱ Strategies for Inventing,Reading,Thinking,and Researching51

CHAPTER 3 Inventing and Planning56

Freewriting57

Brainstorming61

Branching65

Cubing68

Questioning or Journalistic Formula71

Which Technique Should You Use?74

Planning and Outlining75

CHAPTER 4 Reading with a Critical Eye83

READING ACTIVELY84

Previewing85

Skimming88

Reading89

"On Racist Speech"Charles R.Lawrence Ⅲ89

Annotating92

Reading95

"The Harmful Myth of Asian Superiority"Ronald Takaki95

COMPREHENDING CONSTRUCTIVELY98

Outlining99

Paraphrasing101

Summarizing103

RESPONDING THOUGHTFULLY106

Exploring106

Evaluating108

Readings114

"Everybody;s Children"Colin L.Powell114

"The Doctor Won;t See You Now"James Gorman119

"Competition Is Destructive"Alfie Kohn121

CHAPTER 5 Thinking Critically126

WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING126

WRITING TO FACILITATE CRITIcAL THINKING128

Reading133

"In Defense of the Animals"Meg Greenfield133

INDUCTIVE REASONING138

What;s Inductive Reasoning138

The More the Merrier140

A Word of Caution143

Reading145

"I Want a Wife"JudyBrady145

DEDUCTIVE REASONING148

What Is Deductive Reasoning148

Premises and Syllogism151

Reading163

"Unabomber;s Next Victim:Responsibility"George Will163

FALLACIES166

Equivocation167

Circular Reasoning(Tautology)168

Begging the Question169

Guilt by Association169

Overgeneralization170

Hasty Generalization170

Oversimplification171

Post Hoc172

Readings175

"Offering Euthanasia Can Be an Act of Love"Derek Humphry175

"The Language of Advertising Claims"Jeffrey Schrank178

CHAPTER 6 Researching,Using,and Acknowledging Sources187

FIELD RESEARCH189

Observing189

Interviewing191

Surveying194

LIBRARY RESEARCH199

GeneraI References200

Indexes,Abstracts,and Catalogs201

Bibliographies202

Electronic Sources202

USING SOURCES204

Evaluating Sources205

Incorporating Sources in Your Own Writing207

ACKNOWLEDGING SOURCES213

In-text Parenthetical Citation214

Works Cited or References List217

PART Ⅲ Strategies for Descriptive and Narrative Writings227

CHAPTER 7 Describing Events233

Readings236

"Free Falling"Scot Weckerly236

"Unripened Light"Al Young243

Key Features of Writings about Events251

Now It;s Your Turn to Write253

CHAPTER 8 Describing People260

Readings261

"Uncle Willie"Maya Angelou261

"Only She"Erick Young267

Key Features of Writings about People274

Now It;s Your Turn to Write275

CHAPTER 9 Writing Profiles281

Readings282

"Alda Hanna:32 Years of Theme Songs and Science"Annette Spahr282

"Inside the Brain"Da vid Noonan287

Key Features of Profile Writing297

Now It;s Your Turn to Write298

PART Ⅳ Strategies for Informative and Explanatory Writings305

CHAPTER 10 Writing to Inform310

Readings312

"Host Families Are Needed"312

"The Friendship Community Center:Campaign for Friendship"315

"Dangers of Smoking"Jennifer Walters320

Key Features of Informative Writings324

Now It;s Your Turn to Write325

CHAPTER 11 Writing to Explain How330

Readings331

"Mini Spring Rolls"331

"In Five Easy Steps"Alison Pollet334

"Beating the Blues,Winning the Game"Elizabeth A.Thomas338

Key Features of Writings Explaining How343

Now It;s Your Turn to Write345

CHAPTER 12 Writing to Explain What350

Readings351

"Love:The Right Chemistry?"Anastasia Toufexis351

"Falling Below the Norm:Mental Retardation"Robert S.Feldman361

"AIDS"367

Key Features of Writings Explaining What372

Now It;s Your Turn to Write375

PART Ⅴ Strategies for Persuasive and Argumentative Writings381

CHAPTER 13 Writing to Argue386

Readings394

"Making Monsters"Phuong Pham394

"Five Myths about Immigration"David Cole400

"The Hard Questions:Our Bodies,Our Clones"Jean Bethke Elshtain408

Key Features of Argumentative Writings415

Now It;s Your Turn to Write418

CHAPTER 14 Writing to Propose428

Readings434

"This Isn;t Such a Dumb Idea"Leigh Montville434

"More Testing,More Learning"Patrick O;Malley439

"Spam Control Proposal"Jon Davis447

Key Features of Writing Proposals455

Now It;s Your Turn to Write457

CHAPTER 15 Writing to Analyze466

Readings468

"Saddam;s Advantage:Iraq Hopes to Score Points as Victim of U.S.Aggression"David T.Twining468

"Why Do So Many Risk So Much For Sex?"Delia M.Rios472

"Crack and the Box"Pete Hamill477

Key Features of Argumentative Writing487

Now It;s Your Turn to Write489

CHAPTER 16 Writing to Evaluate496

Readings499

"Over the Hill?I Think Not!"Richard Gingrich499

"Songe de Titanic"Frank Thompson502

"Top Ten Best College Buys Now"Denise M.Topolnicki512

Key Features of Argumentative Writing519

Now It;s Your Turn to Write522

PART Ⅵ Strategies for Other Writing Situations529

CHAPTER 17 Writing Research Papers533

Readings535

"Dating,Social Avoidance and Distress"Marshall Prisbell535

"Immunocytochemistry Deja Vu"Da vid J.Dabbs and Xiaohong Wang542

Key Features of Research Papers544

Now It;s Your Turn to Write551

CHAPTER 18 Taking Essay Exams575

Key Features of Essay Exams576

Preparing for Essay Exams578

Taking Essay Exams580

Sample Essay Exam Questions and Answers584

CHAPTER 19 Writing for Business Purposes599

MEMOS599

Key Features of Memos600

Sample Memos603

BUSINESS LETTERS607

Key Features of Business Letters607

Sample Business Letters(with Three Kinds of Messages)616

REFERENCE LETTERS623

Key Features of Reference Letters623

CHAPTER 20 Writing for Application Purposes631

RESUME OR CURRICULUM VITAE632

Preparing for the Resume632

Writing the Resume635

Tips for Writing Winning Resumes640

Sample Resumes646

COVER LETTERS658

Preparing for the Cover Letter659

Writing the Cover Letter662

Tips for Writing Winning Cover Letters667

Sample Cover Letters670

PART Ⅶ Strategies for Revising and Editing677

CHAPTER 21 Essay Organization682

ENGLISH AND CHINESE ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS:A CONTRASTIVE VIEW682

FIVE BASIC ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS687

General-to-Specific/Abstract-to-Concrete687

Specific-to-General/Concrete-to-Abstract692

Order of Importance694

Chronological Order696

Spatial Order698

Other Organizational Patterns700

INTRODUCTION701

Narrative703

Descriptive705

Preparatory706

Corrective708

Inquisitive709

Other Introductions710

THESIS STATEMENT713

CONCLUSION716

Restating the Main Points716

Referring Back to the Thesis(and the Introduction)717

Suggesting a Solution,Further Study,or Predicting an Outcome718

Giving a Humorous Comment or Unexpected Twist719

CHAPTER 22 Essay Development721

DESCRIPTION722

Naming722

Specifying725

Comparing727

Appealing to the Senses729

NARRATION736

Ordering Narrative Action736

Developing Narrative Action738

Narrative Point of View743

DEFINITION744

Sentence Definition745

Extended Definition747

CLASSIFICATION750

Choosing the Principles to Classify753

Testing the Effectiveness754

Explaining Each Subgroup756

EXAMPLE759

Relevant Examples760

Specific Examples761

Sufficient Examples762

COMPARISON AND CONTRAST765

Points for Comparing and Contrasting766

Two Ways for Organizing Comparison and Contrast768

CAUSE AND EFFECT772

Distinguishing Between Cause and Effect773

Necessity,sufficiency,and Mill;s Methods776

Organizing Cause and Effect779

CHAPTER 23 Sentence Development786

DEVELOPING MATURE SENTENCES787

Five Basic Sentence Patterns787

Sentence Expansion788

Four Basic Sentence Types793

Other Syntactical Patterns797

Sentence Variety and Maturity802

AvOIDING SENTENCE ERRORS810

Fused Sentences and Comma Splice810

Sentence Fragments814

Subject-Verb Agreement817

Pronoun Agreement821

Pronoun Reference825

Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers828

Faulty Parallelism832

CHAPTER 24 Word Choice836

LEVELS OF DICTION836

Formal and Informal836

General/Abstract and Specific/Concrete841

Denotation and Connotation843

Wordiness and Redundancy845

Jargon and Slang854

Archaisms,Neologisms,and Dialects858

Trite Expressions and Clich é861

Euphemisms,Offensive Terms,and Sexist Language865

FIGURES OF SPEECH871

Simile and Metaphor871

Overstatement(Hyperbole)and Understatement876

Irony,Paradox,and Oxymoron878

CHAPTER 25 Punctuation and Mechanics882

PUNCTUATION883

Comma [,]883

Colon[:] and Semicolon[;]889

Period[.],Question Mark[?],and Exclamation Point[!]895

Quotation Marks[" "]899

Dash,Parentheses,and Brackets904

Slash,Hyphen,Apostrophe,and Ellipsis909

MECHANICS912

Capital Letters913

Italics and Underlines918

Abbreviations and Acronyms921

Numbers923

Subject,Author,and Title List927

Acknowledgments939

Works Cited and Consulted942