计算机科学引论 2014 英文版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,THE INTERNET,AND YOU2

Introduction4

Information Systems5

People6

Software8

System Software8

Application Software9

Hardware9

Making IT work for you:Installing a Free Antivirus Program10

Types of Computers11

Microcomputer Hardware12

Data14

Connectivity15

Careers in IT17

A Look to the Future:Using and Understanding Information Technology Means Being Computer Competent18

Open-Ended19

Discussion19

2 THE INTERNET,THE WEB,AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE22

Introduction24

The Internet and the Web24

Making IT work for you:Online Entertainment26

Access28

Providers28

Browsers28

Communication31

E-mail31

Messaging32

Social Networking33

Blogs,Microblogs,Webcasts,Podcasts,and Wikis34

Making IT work for you:Twitter36

Search Tools38

Search Engines39

Specialized Search Engines39

Content Evaluation40

Electronic Commerce40

Security41

Cloud Computing42

Web Utilities44

Plug-ins44

Filters45

File Transfer Utilities45

Internet Security Suites46

Careers in IT:Webmaster47

A Look to the Future:Your Car's Dashboard as a Powerful,Internet-Connected Computing Device48

Open-Ended49

Discussion49

3 APPLICATION SOFTWARE52

Introduction54

Application Software54

User Interface54

Common Features56

General-Purpose Applications56

Word Processors56

Spreadsheets59

Database Management Systems61

Presentation Graphics61

Specialized Applications63

Graphics63

Making IT work for you:Image Editing65

Web Authoring Programs67

Other Professional Specialized Applications68

Mobile Apps68

Apps70

App Stores70

Software Suites71

Office Suites71

Cloud Computing71

Specialized and Utility Suites72

Careers in IT:Software Engineer72

Making IT work for you:Google Docs73

A Look to the Future:Next-Generation User Interfaces74

Open-Ended75

Discussion75

4 SYSTEM SOFTWARE78

Introduction80

System Software80

Operating Systems81

Functions81

Features82

Categories83

Mobile Operating Systems84

Desktop Operating System85

Windows85

Mac OS86

UNIX and Linux86

Virtualization87

Utilities88

Windows Utilities88

Making IT work for you:Windows Task Manager89

Utility Suites93

Device Drivers93

Careers in IT:Computer Support Specialist95

A Look to the Future:Self-Healing Computers Could Mean an End to Computer Crashes and Performance Problems96

Open-Ended97

Discussion97

5 THE SYSTEM UNIT100

Introduction102

System Unit102

Desktops102

Notebooks102

Tablets103

Handhelds104

Components104

Making IT work for you:Keeping Your Computer Cool105

System Board107

Microprocessor108

Microprocessor Chips109

Specialty Processors110

Memory110

RAM110

ROM111

Flash Memory111

Expansion Slots and Cards112

Bus Lines113

Expansion Buses113

Ports114

Standard Ports115

Specialized Ports115

Cables115

Making IT work for you:TV Tuners116

Power Supply117

Electronic Data and Instructions118

Numeric Representation118

Character Encoding118

Careers in IT:Computer Technician119

A Look to the Future:Chips inside Your Brain120

Open-Ended121

Discussion121

6 INPUT AND OUTPUT124

Introduction126

What Is Input?126

Keyboard Entry126

Keyboards127

Pointing Devices128

Mice128

Touch Screens129

Game Controllers129

Stylus129

Scanning Devices130

Optical Scanners130

Card Readers131

Bar Code Readers131

RFID Readers131

Character and Mark Recognition Devices132

Image Capturing Devices132

Digital Cameras132

Webcams133

Audio-Input Devices133

Voice Recognition Systems133

What Is Output?134

Monitors134

Features134

Flat-panel Monitors135

E-book Readers135

Making IT work for you:E-Books136

Other Monitors137

Printers137

Features138

Inkjet Printers138

Laser Printers139

Other Printers139

Audio and Video Devices140

Portable Media Players140

Combination Input and Output Devices140

Multifunctional Devices141

Internet Telephones141

Robots141

Making IT work for you:Skype142

Virtual Reality Headgear and Gloves144

Erogonomics144

Careers in IT:Technical Writers146

Displays147

Open-Ended148

Discussion148

7 SECONDARV STORAGE152

Introduction154

Storage154

Hard Disks155

Internal Hard Disk156

External Hard Drives156

Performance Enhancements156

Optical Discs158

Compact Disc158

Digital Versatile Disc159

Blu-ray Disc159

Solid-State Storage160

Solid-State Drives160

Flash Memory Cards160

USB Drives161

Cloud Storage161

Making IT work for you:Cloud Storage163

Mass Storage Devices165

Enterprise Storage System165

Storage Area Network166

Careers in IT:Disaster Recovery Specialist166

A Look to the Future:Next-Generation Storage167

Open-Ended168

Discussion168

8 COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS170

Introduction172

Communications172

Connectivity172

The Wireless Revolution173

Communication Systems173

Communication Channels174

Physical Connections174

Wireless Connections175

Connection Devices176

Modems176

Connection Service177

Data Transmission178

Bandwidth178

Making IT work for you:Mobile Internet179

Protocols180

Networks181

Terms181

Network Types182

Local Area Networks182

Home Networks183

Wireless LAN183

Personal Area Network184

Metropolitan Area Networks184

Wide Area Networks184

Network Architecture185

Topologies185

Strategies186

Organizational Networks187

Internet Technologies187

Network Security188

Careers in IT:Network Administrator189

Making IT work for you:Remote Access190

There without Actually Being There191

Open-Ended192

Discussion192

9 PRIVACY,SECURITY,AND ETHICS194

Introduction196

People196

Privacy197

Large Databases197

Private Networks200

The Internet and the Web201

Online Identity204

Major Laws on Privacy204

Security205

Cybercrime205

Measures to Protect Computer Security209

Making IT work for you:Security Suites211

Making IT work for you:Cloud-Based Backup215

Ethics217

Copyright © 2025  最新更新

Plagiarism218

Careers in IT:IT Security Analyst219

A Look to the Future: The End of Anonymity220

Open-Ended221

Discussion221

10 INFORMATION SYSTEMS224

Introduction226

Organizational Information Flow226

Functions226

Management Levels227

Information Flow229

Computer-Based Information Systems230

Transaction Processing Systems231

Management Information Systems233

Decision Support Systems234

Executive Support Systems235

Other Information Systems237

Expert Systems238

Careers in IT:Information Systems Manager239

A Look to the Future:IBM's Watson:The Ultimate Information-Finding Machine240

Using IT at DVD Direct—a case study:Information Systems at DVD Direct241

Open-Ended242

Discussion242

11 DATABASES244

Introduction246

Data246

Data Organization247

Key Field248

Batch versus Real-Time Processing248

Databases249

Need for Databases250

Database Management250

DBMS Structure252

Hierarchical Database252

Network Database253

Relational Database253

Multidimensional Database254

Object-Oriented Database255

Types of Databases256

Individual256

Company256

Distributed257

Commercial257

Database Uses and Issues258

Strategic Uses258

Security258

Careers in IT:Database Administrator259

A Look to the Future:The Future of Crime Databases260

Using IT at DVD Direct—a case study:Databases at DVD Direct261

Open-Ended262

Discussion262

12 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN264

Introduction266

Systems Analysis and Design266

Phase 1:Preliminary Investigation267

Defining the Problem268

Suggesting Alternative Systems269

Preparing a Short Report269

Phase 2:Systems Analysis270

Gathering Data270

Analyzing the Data271

Documenting Systems Analysis273

Phase 3:Systems Design273

Designing Altemative Systems275

Selecting the Best System275

Writing the Systems Design Report275

Phase 4:Systems Development276

Acquiring Software276

Acquiring Hardware276

Testing the New System277

Phase 5:Systems Implementation277

Types of Conversion277

Training279

Phase 6:Systems Maintenance279

Prototyping and Rapid Applications Development280

Prototyping281

Rapid Applications Development281

Careers in IT:Systems Analyst281

A Look to the Future:The Challenge of Keeping Pace282

Using IT at DVD Direct—a case study:Systems Analysis and Design at DVD Direct283

Open-Ended284

Discussion284

13 PROGRAMMING AND LANGUAGES286

Introduction288

Programs and Programming288

What Is a Program?288

What Is Programming?288

Step 1:Program Specification289

Program Objectives289

Desired Output290

Input Data290

Processing Requirements290

Program Specifications Document291

Step 2:Program Design291

Top-Down Program Design291

Pseudocode292

Flowcharts292

Logic Structures293

Step 3:Program Code296

The Good Program297

Coding297

Step 4:Program Test299

Syntax Errors300

Logic Errors300

Testing Process300

Step 5:Program Documentation301

Step 6:Program Maintenance302

Operations302

Changing Needs302

CASE and OOP304

CASE Tools304

Object-Oriented Software Development304

Generations of Programming Languages305

Machine Languages:The First Generation305

Assembly Languages:The Second Generation305

High-Level Procedural Languages:The Third Generation306

Task-Oriented Languages:The Fourth Generation307

Problem and Constraint Languages:The Fifth Generation307

Careers in IT:Programmer308

A Look to the Future:Your Own Programmable Robot309

Using IT at DVD Direct—a case study:Programming at DVD Direct310

Open-Ended311

Discussion311

The Evolution of the Computer Age314

Glossary325