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C++:The Making of a Standard1

PartⅠ Preliminaries9

1 A Better C11

A Tale Of Two Languages11

Incremental Journey12

The Type System12

Function Prototypes13

Type-safe Linkage17

References19

Type-safe I/O20

Standard Streams21

Formatting24

Manipulators29

Function Overloading and Function Templates32

Operator Overloading32

Inline Functions34

Default Arguments35

new and delete36

Statement Declarations37

Standard Library Features38

C Compatibility38

Summary40

2 Pointers40

Programming on the Edge40

The Basics40

Pointer Arithmetic44

Pass-By-Reference Semantics48

Generic Pointers49

const Pointers50

Pointers and One-Dimensional Arrays52

Arrays as Parameters56

Arrays of Strings59

Pointers and Multidimensional Arrays62

Higher and Deeper64

Pointers to Functions68

Pointers to Member Functions71

Encapsulation and Incomplete Types73

Summary78

3 The Preprocessor79

The #include Directive79

Other Preprocessor Directives80

Predefined Macros83

Conditional Compilation85

Preprocessing Operators86

Implementing assert88

Macro Magic89

Character Sets,Trigraphs,and Digraphs93

Phases of Translation96

Summary97

4 The Standard C Library,Part Ⅰ98

99

102

109

115

118

5 The Standard C Library,Part Ⅱ118

119

122

125

Appendix 5.1:Character Sets127

Code Pages129

Character Set Standards130

ISO 10646130

Unicode131

6 The Standard C Library,Part Ⅲ131

132

132

138

138

140

142

142

va_list s As Arguments143

An Application146

Conclusion150

Appendix 6.1:Floating-point Number Systems151

Part Ⅱ Key Concepts159

7 Abstraction161

Data Abstraction161

Operator Overloading168

Concrete Data Types173

Type Abstraction180

Function Abstraction181

Summary184

8 Templates185

Generic Programming187

Function Templates187

Class Templates189

Template Parameters194

Template Specialization196

Summary199

9 Bit Manipulation202

Bitwise Operators202

Accessing Individual Bits204

Large Bitsets209

The bitset Template224

Wish List224

Bit Strings224

The vectorTemplate Specialization227

Summary228

10 Conversions and Casts229

Integral Promotion229

Demotions233

Arithmetic Conversions235

Function Prototypes237

Explicit Conversions239

Function-style Casts240

Const Correctness240

User-Defined Conversions243

Beefing up operator［］249

New-Style Casts252

Summary253

What s In a Name?255

Scope255

11 Visibility255

Minimal Scoping258

Class Scope259

Nested Classes265

Local Classes266

Classic Namespaces268

Namespace Scope269

Lifetime272

Lifetime of Temporaries275

Linkage276

Type-safe Linkage280

Summary281

Language Linkage281

12 Control Structures283

Structured Programming283

Branching290

Nonlocal Branching296

Signals300

Summary305

References305

13 Exceptions306

Error Handling Alternatives306

Stack Unwinding314

Catching Exceptions316

Standard Exceptions318

Constructors and Exceptions322

Resource Management322

Memory Management330

Exception Specifications331

An Error-Handling Strategy333

Summary337

14 Object-oriented Programming338

Inheritance342

Heterogeneous Collections343

Virtual Functions and Polymorphism344

Abstract Base Classes347

Case Study:A Framework for Object Persistence350

Database Access353

Mapping Objects to Relational Schema354

PFX Architecture356

A Code Walkthrough359

Summary379

Part Ⅲ Leveraging the Standard Library381

15 Algorithms383

Complexity386

Generic Algorithms388

Function Objects392

Function Taxonomy394

Function Object Adapters395

Algorithm Taxonomy396

16 Containers and Iterators398

Summary399

References399

Standard Containers401

Iterators402

Iterator Taxonomy403

Special-Purpose Iterators405

Container Adapters408

Associative Containers409

Applications409

Non-STL Containers417

Summary419

17 Text Processing421

scanf421

printf427

Substrings429

The Standard C++ String Class436

String Streams440

Wide Strings441

Summary442

18 File Processing443

Filters443

Binary Files446

Record Processing448

Temporary Files454

Portability455

POSIX455

File Descriptors456

Copying Files via Descriptors456

Reading Directory Entries458

Redirecting Standard Error462

Encapsulating Directory Operations466

Summary471

19 Time and Date Processing472

Julian Day Encoding475

Date Classes for Real Work495

Calculating the Week of the Year521

Summary522

Reference522

20 Dynamic Memory Management523

Ragged Arrays523

Using the Heap in Standard C525

The C++ Free Store529

Deep versus Shallow Copy530

Handling Memory Allocation Failure533

Overriding new and delete534

Placement new535

Managing the Heap538

Avoiding Memory Management539

Summary546

Appendices547

A C/C++ Compatibility547

B Standard C++ Algorithms549

C Function Objects and Adapters558

Function Objects558

Function Object Adapters560

D Annotated Bibliography561

The C Practitioner s Booklist561

The C++ Practitioner s Booklist562

Index565