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GENERAL PART1

What it is all about1

1.Terminology and Scope8

1.Choice of law and jurisdiction8

2-1."Conflict of laws" and "private international law"9

2-2.Interterritorial and intertemporal conflicts11

3.Datum and rule of decision13

4.2.History14

a.The European continent17

5-1.Statutism17

5-2.Comity19

5-3.From vested rights to modern pluralism20

b.England and the United States22

6-1.Lex fori.....?22

6-2.Joseph Story22

6-3..."Vested rights": Dicey and Beale24

7."Local law"26

8-1.3.Current Doctrine27

8-2."Justice"28

8-3.Cavers: Principles of Preference29

8-4.The Second Restatement: "The most significant relationship"30

8-5.Currie: "Governmental interests"31

8-6.Von Mehren and Trautman: "Functional approach"33

8-7.Leflar: Choice influencing considerations34

8-8.The courts34

8-9.Problem selection (Rheinstein) and interpretation35

4.Sources37

a.Choice and non-choice37

9-1.(1) Forum rule by non-choice ("self-delimitation")37

(2) Choice by formulated true rules39

9-2.Codes39

9-3.Statutes39

9-4.Precedent41

9-5.(3) Choice by non-formulated rules42

9-6.(4) Choice by forum policy43

9-7.(5) Forum rule as residuary45

9-8.(6) The "lex-fori approach" defended46

b.International law50

10-1.Treaties50

10-2.Customary law51

c.National law52

11-1.(1) International conflicts52

11-2.(2) "Federal fields"53

12-1.(3) The Constitution?54

12-2.Due Process55

Full Faith and Credit57

13-1.(a) In general57

13-2.(b) Statute of limitations59

13-3.(c) Wrongful death statutes60

13-4.(d) Workmen's compensation acts60

13-5.(e) Conclusions61

14.d.State law62

5.The "Structure" of Choice of Law Rules64

15-1.Traditional devices64

15-2."False conflicts"65

a.Characterization66

16-1.Contract or tort66

16-2."Legal ideas" or "gimmicks"68

16-3.Interpretation69

16-4.Lex fori or lex causae?70

16-5.Preliminary (incidental) question71

17-1.b.Renvoi72

17-2.Theory72

17-3.Practice74

17-4.Rationale75

c.Public policy76

18-1.In general76

18-2.Penal laws and taxes78

18-3.Filling the gap79

18-4.Fraud on the law80

6.Choice of Forum Law81

a.Procedural characterization81

19-1.Proper use81

19-2.Improper use82

19-3.Future use82

19-4.Deficiency judgments84

20-1.b.Recognition of judgments85

(1) Extranational judgments85

20-2.Judicial acts85

20-3.Administrative acts87

20-4.Extralitigious proceedings88

(2) Sister state judgments88

20-5.Judicial acts88

20-6.Administrative acts90

c.Statute of limitations90

21-1.(1) "Favor rei" (the shorter statute)90

21-2.(2) "Favor actor is" (the longer statute)92

d."Moral data" (non-choice)93

22-1.(1) Negligence93

(2) Restitution94

22-2.The concept94

22-3.Lex causae?96

22-4.Lex fori97

22-5.Exceptions?97

(3) Equitable defenses98

22-6.Unclean hands98

22-7.Estoppel99

22-8.Fraud99

22-9.Piercing the corporate veil100

7.Finding the Foreign Law101

23.a.Theory101

24.b.Failure to plead102

c.Failure of proof104

25-1.Judicial notice104

25-2.Other solutions-105

25-3.d.Mechanics107

PERSONS108

1.Natural Persons in General108

a.Status and its incidents108

26-1.History108

26-2."Public law" status梞arriage109

26-3.Non-status doption111

b.The "personal law"113

27.Nationality and domicile113

28.The concept of domicile114

29.Scope of domicile rule capacity？116

2.Domestic Relations118

a.Marriage118

(1) Agreements relating to marriage118

30-1.Engagment118

30-2.Anti-marriage and divorce stipulations118

30-3.Antenupital and postnuptial agreements119

(2) Validity of marriage120

31-1.Valid under law of celebration120

31-2.Invalid under law of clebration123

31-3.Two marriages124

b.Children and parents126

32.Legitimacy by birth126

33.Legitimation by subsequent marriage127

34.Legitimation by acknowledgment128

35.Legitimacy through birth from, or legitimation by, attempted marriage130

36.Illegitimacy131

37.Adoption132

c.Family support (URESA)134

38-1.Defendant's law134

38-2.Plaintiffs law135

38-3.A better law?136

3."Juristic Persons''137

39.a.Personality137

40.b.Personal law138

41.c.Capacity140

d.The members142

42-1.Members inter se; transfer of membership142

42-2.Members and the corporation143

43.Members and third parties144

44.e.Partnerships145

45.f.Regulatory measures146

CONTRACTS147

46-1.1.General Analysis147

a.Express stipulation: professio juris147

46-2.General rule147

46-3.Limitation?149

b.Adhesion contracts150

47-1.Professio juris150

47-2.In general151

c.Third parties152

48.Agency152

49.Third party beneficiaries156

50.Assignment157

51.Subrogation158

52-1.2.Validity160

52-2.a.Europe160

b.United States161

53-1.Party autonomy161

53-2.Vested rights162

53-3."Most significant relationship"163

53-4.Lex fori164

54.Presumption of validity165

c.Phases of the validity problem167

(1) Form requirements167

55-1.Imperative rules167

55-2.Validation169

55-3.Invalidation170

56-1.(2) Capacity to contract173

56-2.Married women174

56-3.Infants175

57.(3) Sufficiency of consideration177

58-1.(4) Legality177

58-2...Usury178

59-1.Invalidation under forum law180

59-2.Invalidation under foreign law181

3.Performance184

60.a.Introduction184

b.Interpretation and construction185

61-1.Interpretation185

61-2.Construction186

62-1.c.Discharge186

62-2.Performance187

62-3.Release187

62-4.Operation of law188

63-1.d.Breach189

63-2.Breach of implied warranties189

63-3.Requirement of notice190

63-4.Statute of limitations191

63-5.Specific performance191

64.Damages191

65.Interest194

4.Particular Contracts195

a.Insurance195

(1) Life, accident, and fire insurance195

66-1.Professio juris195

66-2.Lex fori against imperative formulae195

66-3.Location of the risk196

(2) Casualty insurance197

67-1.The dilemma197

67-2.Interspousal immunity198

67-3.Direct actions198

68.b Suretyship200

c.Employment203

69-1.(1) Validity203

(2) "Master and servant"203

69-2."Right to work"203

69-3.Wages204

69-4.Pre-tort release204

70.Workmen's compensation205

(3) Principal and agent206

71-1.Real estate brokers206

71-2.Other agents208

72.d.Transportation209

73.e.Procedural agreements211

74.f.Arbitration211

75.(vacant)212

TORTS213

1.History and Doctrine213

76-1.From the lex fori to the lex loci213

76-2.From the place of conduct to the place of harm215

76-3.New formulae?216

2.General Principles219

a.Classification by issues219

77-1.Depecage (scission) of the case219

77-2.(1) Damages in general220

77-3.Periodic payments221

77-4.Loss of consortium221

(2) Limitation on wrongful death damages222

77-5.Exit the limiting lex loci222

77-6."Relationships" and "interests"224

77-7.Statutory interpretation226

77-8.Insurability in particular226

77-9.Forum shopping227

77-10.Outlook228

78-1.(3) Survival of action and standing to sue229

(4) Re-allocation of the loss230

78-2.Release of co-tortfeasors230

78-3."Splitting" the cause of action231

78-4.Contribution between tortfeasors231

79.b.Classification by torts: admonition versus compensation232

3.Intentional Torts and Other Moral "Wrongs"234

80-1.a.Family relations234

b.Personal injury235

80-2.Assault and battery235

80-3.Dram Shop Acts236

80-4.Moral negligence237

c.Property238

80-5.Fraud238

80-6.Abuse of process239

80-7.Conversion240

80-8.Insurers' liability240

d.Trade241

81.Antitrust241

82.Unfair competition and trademarks242

e.Reputation243

83-1.Individual defamation243

83-2.Mass (multistate) defamation243

83-3.Lex causae? (herein of statutes of limitation)244

83-4.Lex fori?245

83-5.What now?245

84.4.Accidents (Enterprise Liability)246

a.Traffic accidents247

(1) Negligence247

85-1.Cause of action247

85-2.Contributory negligence249

(2) Third party liability250

86-1.The Scheer rule250

86-2.Vicarious liability in general251

87.The automobile owner in particular252

88.Community property254

(3) Immunities255

89.Guest statutes255

90-1.Family immunities258

90-2.Charitable immunities259

b.Products liability260

91-1.Forum law?260

91-2.Foreign law?261

91-3.Plaintiff's choice?262

c.Other accident liabilities263

92.Dog-bites263

93.Blasting and other ultra-hazardous activities264

94-95.Vacant264

PROPERTY265

1.Land (Immovables)265

a.In general265

96-1.The lex situs265

96-2.Renvoi266

96-3.Equitable conversion266

96-4.Liens267

97.b.Title to land267

c.Land contracts269

98-1.Validity269

98-2.Other questions270

98-3.d.Leases271

2.Chattels272

a.Lex situs, personal law,and lex actus272

99-1.History272

99-2.Analysis273

b.Derivative acquisition (transfer)275

100-1.Validity275

100-2.Repossession277

c.Original acquisition (bona fide purchase)278

101-1.Introduction278

101-2.Automobiles279

102.Other chattels282

3.Intangibles284

a.In general284

103-1.Lex situs?284

103-2.Other formulae?285

b.Negotiable instruments286

104.Unification?286

105-1.Contractual obligations287

105-2.Property rights288

106.A better law?289

c.Assignments290

107-1.Validity290

107-2.Assignability291

107-3.Successive assignments292

d.Living trusts294

108-1.Validity294

108-2.Administration295

108-3."Construction''296

4.Marital Property297

a.In general297

109-1.Prior titles297

109-2.Full mutability298

109-3.Partial mutability299

110.b.Immovables300

111.c.Movables301

SUCCESSION304

1.General Problems304

112-1.Situs and domicile304

112-2.Movables and immovables305

113.2.Immovables306

114.a.Intestate succession307

b.Testate succession309

115-1.Validity309

115-2.Other questions310

116.c.Anti-testate succession311

3.Movables312

117.a.Intestate succession312

b.Testate succession313

118-1.Formal validity313

118-2.Capacity314

119-1.Charitable bequests315

119-2.Other questions of validity315

120-1.Interpretation and construction316

120-2.Revocation317

121.c.Anti-testate succession318

122.d.Administration319

123.THE NUTSHELL "IN A NUTSHELL"321

Index333