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Unit 1 Scientific Paper and Literature1

Lesson 1 Writing a Scientific Paper1

Lesson 2 The Abstract17

Lesson 3 The Introduction,the Body and the Conclusions21

Lesson 4 Ethical Guidelines to Publication of Chemical Research26

Lesson 5 The Chemical Literature31

Lesson 6 Technical Communications for Graduate Students39

Unit 2 Work in Chemical Laboratory44

Lesson 7 General Instructions for Work in the Laboratory44

Lesson 8 The Importance of Record Keeping47

Lesson 9 A General Safety Considerations49

Unit 3 Nomenclature52

Lesson 10 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds52

Lesson 11 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds57

Unit 4 Elementary Techniques of Experiment61

Lesson 12 Reaction Monitoring61

Lesson 13 Some Methods of Separation72

Lesson 14 Characterization76

Unit 5 Inorganic Chemistry80

Lesson 15 Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry80

Lesson 16 Coordination Chemistry81

Unit 6 Analytical Chemistry89

Lesson 17 Introduction of Analytical Chemistry89

Lesson 18 Electronic Effects of Substituents in Reactions,Acidity Constant Determination92

Lesson 19 Forensic Chemistry:Detecting Traces of Blood94

Lesson 20 Standard Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent96

Lesson 21 Isolation of an Alkaloid:Caffeine100

Unit 7 Physical Chemistry103

Lesson 22 First Law of Thermodynamics103

Lesson 23 Enthalpy106

Lesson 24 Bond Energies109

Lesson 25 Second Law of Thermodynamics111

Lesson 26 Heat of Reaction:Measurement of Resonance Energy115

Lesson 27 Kinetic and Thermodynamic Reaction Conditions118

Lesson 28 Electrochemistry120

Lesson 29 Asymmetric Synthesis121

Lesson 30 Linus Pauling124

Lesson 31 Surfactants129

Unit 8 Organic Chemistry131

Lesson 32 Cyclohexylmethanol131

Lesson 33 Methyl Red133

Lesson 34 Addition across Carbon-Carbon π-Bonds135

Lesson 35 Discovery of the Diels-Alder Reaction138

Lesson 36 Discovery of the Friedel-Crafts Reaction140

Lesson 37 The Wittig Reaction143

Lesson 38 Grignard and the Beginnings of Modern Organometallic Chemistry145

Lesson 39 Discovery of Stereoisomers147

Lesson 40 Natural Products150

Unit 9 Biochemistry154

Lesson 41 Biochemical Engineering,Cells and Bacteria154

Lesson 42 Emil Fischer:Carbohydrate Chemist Extraordinaire157

Lesson 43 Biological Treatment of the Effluent159

Unit 10 Materials Science161

Lesson 44 Polymers161

Lesson 45 Discovery of Polyethylene and Nylon166

Lesson 46 Corrosion and Process Safety168

Lesson 47 Organic Light Emitting Devices175

Lesson 48 Molecular Electronics180

Unit 11 Water Treatment and Environmental Science182

Lesson 49 Activated Sludge Processes182

Lesson 50 Coagulation and Flocculation186

Lesson 51 Reverse Osmosis190

Lesson 52 Water and Wastewater Treatment Methods194

Lesson 53 Water Supply199

Lesson 54 Clean Energy for 10 Billion Humans in the 21st Century:Is it Possible?202

Unit 12 Pharmacy207

Lesson 55 Discovery of Sulfa Drugs209

Lesson 56 Medical Diagnostics via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy213

Unit 13 Chemistry and Engineering of Textiles215

Lesson 57 Textiles215

Lesson 58 Textile Fibers216

Lesson 59 Fiber Properties217

Lesson 60 Physical Properties of Cotton218

Lesson 61 Sizing Ingredients220

Lesson 62 Desizing221

Lesson 63 Scouring222

Lesson 64 Bleaching223

Lesson 65 Mercerization224

Lesson 66 Carbonizing and Singeing225

Lesson 67 Textile Dyeing Processes227

Lesson 68 Classification of Dyestuffs230

Lesson 69 Textile Printing232

Lesson 70 Fabric Finishing234

Unit 14 Leather236

Lesson 71 Leather—Extraordinary Product of Nature236

Lesson 72 Hide and Skin Structure239

Lesson 73 Leather Testing242

Appendix250

Appendix 1 Common Glassware Names250

Appendix 2 Common Chemical Abbreviation251

Appendix 3 Speaking of Common Molecular Formulas,Equations,Mathematical Symbols and Greek Alphabet252

Appendix 4 The Periodic Table of Elements254

Appendix 5 Periodic Chart of Amino Acids255

Appendix 6 The Elements Song256

Bibliography257