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Chapter 1 Introduction1

Criminal Law versus Civil Law3

Public Nuisances4

What Is an Injunction or Abatement?6

The Gang Problem8

Definition of Terms10

Stage 1: At Risk or Peripheral13

Stage 2: Associates or Affiliates14

Stage 3: Gang Members14

Stage 4: Hard-Core Gang Members15

Stage 5: Gang Leaders15

No Single Method Will Solve the Problem17

Chapter 2 Steps 1 to 5 of the Injunction Process21

Step 1: Start with a Motivated and Knowledgeable Prosecutor and Police Officer21

Step 2: Accurately Identify the Nuisance Activity and the Problem24

Step 3: Identify the Defendants or Gang to Be Named or Targeted by the Injunction26

What Are DOEs?28

Step 4: Identify and Describe the Target Location, Target Area, or Safety Zone33

Gang Abatement at a Specific Location38

Step 5: Collect Evidence38

Not Enough Evidence: Consider an Eviction50

Chapter 3 Steps 6 to 10 of the Injunction Process51

Step 6: Prepare the Order, Decide Which Type to Obtain51

Name the Gang, Name the Individuals, Name Both?53

Requirements for Issuance of Preliminary Injunction57

Procedure for Obtaining Preliminary Injunction: Order to Show Cause (OSC)57

Step 7: Obtain the Order, What Activity Will You Restrict?58

The Narrowly Tailored Limitation on the Scope of an Injunction61

Step 8: Notify the Defendants62

The Yolo County Broderick Boys Case65

Step 9: Final Disposition or Trial65

Proposed Preliminary Injunction66

Ex Parte Application for Order to Show Cause66

Proposed Order to Show Cause67

Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of Ex Parte Application and Preliminary Injunction67

Obtaining Judgment Granting Permanent Injunction67

Step 10: Enforce and Maintain the Order,Educate the Police and Community70

Chapter 4 Literature and Policy73

Category 1: Police Response74

Police Response Time77

Category 2: Other Enforcement That Impacted Results79

Category 3: Type of Gang83

Percentage of the Overall Gang Targeted with Injunction84

Targeting Gang Leaders85

Territoriality of the Gang86

Category 4: Type of Activity87

Is the Crime Collective or Individual?88

Category 5: Target Area Characteristics89

Percentage of Turf Enjoined and Displacement91

Economic Status of the Target Area93

Zoning in Target Area95

Category 6: Type of Community96

Police-Initiated Injunctions97

Category 7: Type of Order98

Category 8: Maintenance of the Order100

More Jail Time100

Updated Orders May Be More Effective101

Gang Injunctions and Gang Dynamics102

Chapter 5 Gang Injunction and Gang Abatement Theory103

Deterrence Theory: Increasing Risk and Punishment105

Old Town National City Example: Testing the Resolve of Police111

Injunction Violations Help Prove Gang Membership112

Additional Common Provisions113

Association Theory: Group Processes and Negative Peer Influence116

Frequency, Duration, and Intensity118

Intimidating Witnesses121

Environmental Theories: Target Area Environmental Factors122

Vandalism and Graffiti123

Broken Windows Theory125

Economic Theory: Strain Theorists127

Economic Opportunity by Selling Drugs129

Reducing Property Crimes Like Burglary and Auto Theft132

Strain Theory's Solution to the Problem132

Psychological Gang Dynamics Theory: Gang Crime Motivators133

Displacement or Diffusion133

Common Gang Crime Motivators Addressed by Injunctions136

Limit Gang Identification (Hand Signs and Gang Clothing)136

Turf Violations (Keep Rivals Apart to Reduce Confrontations)139

Elevate Standing or Seeking Prestige139

Personal Conflicts (Less Time Together, Less Internal Issues?)140

Self-Control (Help Them Control Themselves)141

Gangs and Schools (Protect Our Youth and Those at Risk)142

Reduce Gang Recruiting143

How a Gang's Structure Impacts a Gang Injunction (Territorial vs. Mobile)144

Chapter 6 Legal Criticism of Gang Injunctions and Gang Abatement149

Not Effective Debate149

Illegal Debate151

Gang Injunctions and Legal Accusations of Racism155

Cost Debate158

Community Support Debate159

Media Campaign of Misinformation162

Give Them a Way Out of the Gang and Off the Injunction: Opting Out163

Getting Off an Injunction: What Is Required?165

San Francisco Policy168

So What Is the Review Process?169

Confidentiality170

Representation by Counsel170

How to Submit Your Petition171

Identifying Information171

Chapter 7 Research Methodology173

Quantitative Study174

Retrospective, Quasi-Experimental Study174

Initial Goal/Quantitative Analysis175

Epidemiological Study175

Comparing Two Populations: Injunction and Control176

Testing Dependent Variables: Part 1, Part 2, and Total Calls177

Control for Validity177

Sampling Frame and Procedure178

Sample178

Treatment179

Instrumentation179

Data Analysis/Statistical Procedures179

Nature of the Scales182

Compare Same Points in Time182

Measuring Crime183

Measuring Cost184

Measuring Convictions186

Measuring Arrests187

Measuring Community Perceptions188

National Crime Victimization Surveys188

Localized Community Surveys189

Stakeholder Surveys189

Self-Report Crime Surveys190

The Gang Member's Perspective191

Measuring Crime by Mapping191

Measuring UCRs and Calls192

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)194

Two Studies Conducted Using UCRs Data Prior to This the Third194

Jeff Grogger Study194

Los Angeles Grand Jury Study195

Chapter 8 Results of 25 Injunction Studies197

Section 1: Injunction and Control Pairings197

Descriptive: Injunction versus Control198

Correlation between Injunction and Matched Controls199

Summary of Section 1: Injunction and Control Pairings201

Section 2: Effect of Injunctions on Calls for Service202

Baseline Values, Injunction and Control202

Baseline Part 2 Calls202

Baseline Total Calls for Service202

Summary of Baseline Calls202

Percent Change for Part 1 Crime203

Part 2 Calls for Service204

Total Calls for Service205

Summary: Effect of Injunctions on Calls for Service205

Section 3: Further or Exploratory Analysis207

Variance by Gang Ethnicity207

Summary of Injunctions of Hispanic Gangs210

Summary of Ethnicity215

Variance by Gang Injunction Size (More or Less than 50 Members)216

Summary of Gang Injunctions: More versus Less than 50 Targeted Member Results223

Variance by County223

Summary of County Analysis232

Variance by Gang Injunction Area (Square Miles)233

Summary of Square Mileage Analysis241

Variance by Overall Gang Size241

Summary of Overall Gang Size Analysis248

Summary of Further Analysis248

Limitations with the Injunctions249

Section 4: Case-by-Case Analysis249

Case/Pair l: Posole and Vista Homeboys:Part 1 Crime249

Case/Pair 1: Posole and Vista Homeboys:Part 2 Crime250

Case/Pair 1: Posole and Vista Homeboys:Total Calls250

Case/Pair 2: San Marcos and South Los:Part 1 Crime250

Case/Pair 2: San Marcos and South Los:Part 2 Crime250

Case/Pair 2: San Marcos and South Los:Total Calls251

Case/Pair 3: Old Town National City and Shelltown Gamma: Part 1 Crime251

Case/Pair 3: Old Town National City and Shelltown Gamma: Part 2 Crime251

Case/Pair 3: Old Town National City and Shelltown Gamma: Total Calls252

Case/Pair 4: Mesa Locos and Center Street: Part 1 Crime252

Case/Pair 4: Mesa Locos and Center Street:Part 2 Crime252

Case/Pair 4: Mesa Locos and Center Street:Total Calls252

Case/Pair 5: Linda Vista and Mission Bay:Part i Crime253

Case/Pair 5: Linda Vista and Mission Bay:Part 2 Crime253

Case/Pair 5: Linda Vista and Mission Bay:Total Calls253

Case/Pair 6: Diablos and Fallbrook Locos:Part 1 Crime254

Case/Pair 6: Diablos and Fallbrook Locos:Part 2 Crime254

Case/Pair 6: Diablos and Fallbrook Locos:Total Calls254

Case/Pair 7: Westside and Encinitas Locos:Part 1 Crime254

Case/Pair 7: Westside and Encinitas Locos:Part 2 Crime255

Case/Pair 7: Westside and Encinitas Locos:Total Calls255

Case/Pair 8: Nestor and Imperials: Part 1Crime255

Case/Pair 8: Nestor and Imperials: Part 2Crime255

Case/Pair 8: Nestor and Imperials:Total Calls256

Case/Pair 9: Logan Red Steps and Shelitown 38th Street: Part 1 Crime256

Case/Pair 9: Logan Red Steps and Shelltown: Part 2 Crime256

Case/Pair 9: Logan Red Steps and Shelltown 38th Street: Total Calls257

Case/Pair 10: Center Street and South Los:Part 1 Crime257

Case/Pair 10: Center Street and South Los:Part 2 Crime257

Case/Pair 10: Center Street and South Los:Total Calls257

Case/Pair 11: Posole and Vista Homeboys:Part 1 Crime258

Case/Pair 11: Posole and Vista Homeboys:Part 2 Crime258

Case/Pair 11: Posole and Vista Homeboys:Total Calls258

Case/Pair 12: Lincoln Park and 5/9 Brims:Part 1 Crime259

Case/Pair 12: Lincoln Park and 5/9 Brims:Part 2 Crime259

Case/Pair 12: Lincoln Park and 5/9 Brims:Total Calls259

Case/Pair 13: Skyline Piru and West Coast Crips: Part 1 Crime259

Case/Pair 13: Skyline Piru and West Coast Crips: Part 2 Crime260

Case/Pair 13: Skyline Piru and West Coast Crips: Total Calls260

Case/Pair 14: Old Town National City and Otay: Part l Crime260

Case/Pair 14: Old Town National City and Otay: Part 2 Crimes260

Case/Pair 14: Old Town National City and Otay: Total Calls261

Case/Pair 15: 7th Street and Southside Colton: Part 1 Crime261

Case/Pair 15: 7th Street and Southside Colton: Part 2 Crime261

Case/Pair 15: 7th Street and Southside Colton: Total Calls262

Case/Pair 16: Verdugo Flats and Northside Colton: Part 1 Crime262

Case/Pair 16: Verdugo Flats and Northside Colton: Part 2 Crime262

Case/Pair 16: Verdugo Flats and Northside Colton: Total Calls262

Case/Pair 17: Project Crips and Colton City Crips: Part 1 Crime263

Case/Pair 17: Project Crips and Colton City Crips: Part 2 Crime263

Case/Pair 17: Project Crips and Colton City Crips: Total Calls263

Case/Pair 18: Canoga Park and Reseda South/Westside: Part 1 Crime264

Case/Pair 18: Canoga Park and Reseda South/Westside: Part 2 Crime264

Case/Pair 18: Canoga Park Alabama and Reseda South/Westside: Total Calls264

Case/Pair 19: 18th Street Pico Union and SSK/Drifters Gang: Part 1 Crime264

Case/Pair 19: 18th Street Pico and SSK/Drifters Gang: Part 2 Crime265

Case/Pair 19: 18th Street Pico Union and SSK/Drifters Gang: Total Calls265

Case/Pair 20: Krazy Ass Mexicans and State/Clarence Street: Part 1 Crime265

Case/Pair 20: Krazy Ass Mexicans and State/Clarence Street: Part 2 Crime266

Case/Pair 20: Krazy Ass Mexicans and State/Clarence Street: Total Calls266

Case/Pair 21: Rolling Sixties Crips and Eight Tray Gangsters: Part 1 Crime266

Case/Pair 21: Rolling Sixties Crips and Eight Tray Gangsters: Part 2 Crime266

Case/Pair 21: Rolling Sixties Crips and Eight Tray Gangsters: Total Calls267

Case/Pair 22: Varrio Nueva Estrada and White Fence: Part 1 Crime267

Case/Pair 22: Varrio Nueva Estrada and White Fence: Part 2 Crime267

Case/Pair 22: Varrio Nueva Estrada and White Fence: Total Calls268

Case/Pair 23: Grape Street Crips and 97th Street Crips: Part 1 Crime268

Case/Pair 23: Grape Street Crips and 97th Street Crips: Part 2 Crime268

Case/Pair 23: Grape Street Crips and 97th Street Crips: Total Calls268

Case/Pair 24: Bounty Hunter Bloods and Front/Back Street Crips: Part 1 Crime269

Case/Pair 24: Bounty Hunter Bloods and Front/Back Street Crips: Part 2 Crime269

Case/Pair 24: Bounty Hunter Bloods and Front/Back Street Crips: Total Calls269

Case/Pair 25: Colonia Chiques and Southside Chiques: Part 1 Crime270

Case/Pair 25: Colonia Chiques and Southside Chiques: Part 2 Crime270

Case/Pair 25: Colonia Chiques and Southside Chiques: Total Calls270

Compare Injunction and Control for Part 1 Crime271

Summary of Part 1 Crime271

Compare Injunction and Control for Part 2 Crime271

Summary of Part 2 Crime271

Compare Injunction and Control for Total Calls271

Summary of Total Calls272

Policy or Political Differences That May Have Impacted the Results272

Chapter 9 Police Officers from 25 Gang Injunction Areas Surveyed273

Survey Methods273

Injunction Effectiveness275

Survey Design276

Survey Target Population/Participants276

Sample277

Survey Was Piloted277

Survey Data Collection Procedures278

Connecting the Survey to the Case Studies278

Statistical Procedures for the Survey280

Data Analysis280

Limitations281

Police Officer Survey Results281

Description of Participant Demography282

Results Survey Question 1: Making an Arrest for a Gang Injunction Violation Is an Effective Use of My Time'?282

Results Survey Question 2: Gang Injunction Violations Are Responded to in Which Manner in My Jurisdiction?282

Summary of Response Speed and Injunction Success283

Results Survey Question 3: If Aware of the Presence of an Injunction, Was the Injunction Part of a Larger Intervention or Enforcement Program?284

Part of a Larger Intervention and Injunction Success284

Results Survey Question 4: If Yes to Question 3, What Were the Goals of the Larger Program?284

Results Survey Question 5: What Is the Size of the Gang You Targeted with the Injunction?285

Gang Size and Injunction Success285

Gangs of 250 or More and Injunction Success286

Gangs of 200 or More and Injunction Success286

Gangs of 150 or More and Injunction Success286

Gangs of 100 or More and Injunction Success287

Summary of Gang Size and Injunction Success287

Results Survey Question 6: What Percentage of the Overall Gang Size Was Actually Named in the Injunction or Later Served with the Injunction?288

Summary of Percentage of Gang Served and Success288

Results Survey Question 7: Were the Gang Leaders Targeted with the Injunction?289

Summary of Leaders Targeted and Injunction Success289

Results Survey Question 8: The Gangs in My Jurisdiction Are Territorial and Have Well-Defined Borders That They Actively Defend against Rivals290

Results Survey Question 9: Was the Activity That Originally Brought the Gang Problems in the Injunction Part 1 Crime?290

Results Survey Question 10: Gang Crime in My Jurisdiction Is Committed by Gang Members Working as Individuals Rather Than Working Together as a Group290

Results Survey Question 11: What Is the Size of the Gang Turf of the Gang You Targeted with the Injunction?290

Results Survey Question 12: What Percentage of the Total Gang's Turf Was Made Part of the Gang Injunction Target Area?291

Results Survey Question 13: What Is the General Economic Status of the Gang Injunction Area?291

Results Survey Question 14: What Best Describes the Zoning in the Target Area?291

Results Survey Question 15: How Was the Injunction Obtained? Rate the Following Groups' Level of Participation in the Decision to Obtain the Injunction291

Results Survey Question 16: If Aware of an Injunction, Who Initially Requested the Injunction?292

Requestor of the Injunction and Injunction Success292

Results Survey Question 17: Which of the Following Below Best Describes the Injunction in Your Area?292

Results Survey Question 18: Does Your Department Keep You Adequately Informed as to the Status of the Injunction?293

Keeping Informed and Injunction Success293

Results Survey Question 19: If an Arrest Is Made for a Gang Injunction Violation,What Is the Typical Response in Your Jurisdiction?294

Results Survey Question 20: In My Jurisdiction We Constantly Evaluate the Injunction and Add or Remove Members as It Becomes Necessary to Keep the Injunction Current294

The Police Officer Survey294

Chapter 10 Research and Conclusions about Effectiveness299

Grogger Study: First Scientific Look at Effectiveness300

Edward Allan Study (Survey of Prosecutors)301

Los Angeles Grand Jury Study, June 2004302

Maxson Community Study of Verdugo Flats303

Fresno Grand Jury Makes Gang Injunction Recommendations304

O'Deane Gang Injunction Study—September 2007305

O'Deane Gang Injunction Study—November 2007305

Comparing the Empirical Findings308

Long-Term Impact of Six Gang Injunctions Evaluated310

Limitations313

Suggestions for Future Research314

What Are the Policy Recommendations?315

Research Conclusion315

Chapter 11 The Birth of Gang Injunctions317

Year 1982318

People v. Dogtown, Primera and 62nd Street East Coast Crips Gangs (Los Angeles Case C418875), July 22, 1982318

California Corporations Code Used against Gangs319

Year 1987320

People v. Playboy Gangster Crips (Los Angeles Case WEC118860), October 26, 1987320

Chapter 12 Gang Injunctions 1990-1999323

Year 1992323

Fairview Property Associates v. Westside Playboys (Los Angeles Case EC009117),July 1, 1992323

People v. Acosta (Los Angeles Case EC010205), October 7, 1992323

Year 1993324

People v. Blythe Street Gang (Los Angeles Case LC020525), February 22, 1993324

People v. Acuna (Santa Clara Case 729322), February 26, 1993324

Blythe Injunction (False Promises), ACLU Study and City Attorney Response325

People v. Amaya (Orange County Case 713223), June 30, 1993 (Attempt)327

Strategies against Gang Environments Forms in LA to Help Get Gang Injunctions328

Year 1994329

People v. Avalos (Santa Clara Case CV739089), March 16, 1994329

People v. B Street Boys (Alameda Case 735405-4), May 18, 1994 (Attempt)329

City of Norwalk v. Orange Street Locos (Los Angeles Case VC016746), July 21, 1994330

Year 1995331

City of Long Beach v. Westside Longos (Los Angeles Case NC17601), October 6,1995331

City of Pasadena v. Pasadena Denver Lanes (Los Angeles Case GC015651),October 25, 1995331

Year 1996332

City of Redondo Beach v. North Side Redondo 13 (Los Angeles Case YC026580), April 30, 1996332

City of Pasadena v. Villa Boys and Krazy Boys (Los Angeles Case GC016746/ GC017109), June 13, 1996333

People v. Headhunters (SB Case SCV30441), June 20, 1996 (Attempt)334

People v. Lennox-13 (Los Angeles Case YC027006), July 30, 1996335

City of Commerce v. Chopper 12 (Los Angeles Case BC155927), August 20, 1996335

City of lnglewood v. Crenshaw Mafia (Los Angeles Case YC028318), December 17, 1996336

Year 1997337

People v. 18th Street Gang Alsace Clique (Los Angeles Case BC167915), March 21,1997337

People v. Brown Nation (Los Angeles Case VC 24170), March 27, 1997 (Attempt)337

City of Long Beach v. West Coast Crips (Los Angeles Case NC021240), May 5, 1997339

People v. 18th Street Gang Pico/Union (Los Angeles Case BC175684),August 1, 1997340

People v. 7th Street Gang (San Bernardino Case SCVSS42552), October 24, 1997342

People v. Varrio Posole Locos (San Diego Case N76652), November 26, 1997343

Year 1998344

People v. Mara Salvatrucha (Los Angeles Case BC187039), March 4, 1998344

People v. 18th Street Shatto Park (Los Angeles Case BC190334), May 1, 1998344

People v. Arroyo—Varrio Horseshoe, Westside Mob, Sur Santos Pride, and Eastside Clanton Gangs (Santa Clara Case CV775225), July 10, 1998345

People v. Harpy's Gang (Los Angeles Case BC192678), July 16, 1998346

People v. Original Bloods (San Joaquin Case CV05505), July 28, 1998347

People v. Alcarez—Vagos Gang (Monterey Case 115095), July 30, 1998347

People v. Varrio San Marcos (San Diego Case N078777), August 3, 1998348

City of Compton v. Compton Varrio Flats, aka Tortilla Flats Gang (Los Angeles Case TC011598), August 20, 1998348

City of San Diego v. Lincoln Park (San Diego Case 725795), November 19, 1998 (Updated in 2004)349

City of National City v. Old Town National City Gang (San Diego Case SB007194),December 15, 1998350

Year 1999350

People v. Langdon Street Gang (Los Angeles Case LC048292), March 26, 1999350

People v. Culver City Boys (Los Angeles Case SC056980), April 23, 1999352

People v. Venice Shoreline Crips (Los Angeles Case SC057282), May 21, 1999353

People v. Sur Crazy Ones (San Bernardino Case SCVSS58315), June 24, 1999355

People v. Varrio Mesa Locos (San Diego Case N82223), August 20, 1999355

People v. Harbor City Gang and the Harbor City Crips (Los Angeles Case NC026769), November 12, 1999356

Chapter 13 Gang Injunctions 2000-2009357

Years 2000-2009357

People v. Venice 13 Gang (Los Angeles Case SC060375), February 4, 2000357

People v. Linda Vista 13 Gang (San Diego Case GIC745162), March 24, 2000359

City of San Jose v. South Vietnam (Santa Clara Case CV791443), July 28, 2000359

Year 2001360

People v. Five Time Hometown Crips (San Bernardino SCVSS080319),January 13, 2001360

People v. Pacoima Project Boys (Los Angeles Case PC027254Y),March 20, 2001360

People v. Eastside and Westside Wilmas (Los Angeles Case NC030080),May 23, 2001361

People v. Diablos Gang (San Diego Case GIN013906), July 13, 2001362

People v. Westside Gang (San Diego Case GIN013907), July 13, 2001362

People v. Eastside Longos (Los Angeles Case NC030660), August 31, 2001362

Year 2002363

People v. Canoga Park Alabama (Los Angeles Case BC267153),January 29, 2002363

People v. Nestor Gang (San Diego Case GIS9068), February 27, 2002364

People v. 18th Street Pico Union (Los Angeles Case BC272030), April 16,2002 (Redoing the 18th Street Pico Union That Was Previously Dismissed)364

People v. Varrio Sureno Town (Santa Clara Case CV811217), September 19, 2002365

People v. Krazy Ass Mexicans (Los Angeles Case BC282629), October 3, 2002365

People v. Logan Height Red Steps Gang(San Diego Case GIC798708),November 1, 2002366

People v. Avenues Gang (Los Angeles Case BC287137), December 17, 2002367

Year 2003367

People v. Verdugo Flats (San Bernardino Case SCVSS092975), March 10, 2003367

People v. Insane Crip (Los Angeles Case NC033946), April 16, 2003368

People v. Rolling Sixties Crips (Los Angeles Case BC298646), July 8, 2003368

People v. Chankla Bulldogs (Fresno Case 03CECG02881), August 15, 2003370

People v. Center Street (San Diego Case GIN032007), August 22, 2003370

People v. Bounty Hunter Bloods (Los Angeles Case BC301433), August 26, 2003370

People v. Delman Heights Bloods (San Bernardino Case SCVSS107068), October 9, 2003371

People v. Varrio Posole Locos (San Diego Case GIN033214), October 17, 2003371

People v. Project Crips (San Bernardino Case SCVSS109373), November 4, 2003372

People v. 18th Street Hollywood (Los Angeles Case BC305434),November 4, 2003372

Year 2004372

People v. Westside Longos (Los Angeles Case NC035222), January 12, 2004372

People v. Mara Salvatrucha Hollywood (Los Angeles Case BC311766), March 9,2004373

People v. Oxnard Colonia Chiques (Ventura Case CIV226032), April 2, 2004373

People v. 18th Street Wilshire (Los Angeles Case BC313309), April 6, 2004374

People v. East Side Piru, Aka Skyline (San Diego Case GIC827117), April 16, 2004374

Evaluation of the Analysis Typically Needed to Obtain an Injunction: The Skyline Example376

People v. G-Mobb (Sacramento County Case 04AS02821), July 13, 2004379

People v. 38th Street (Los Angeles Case BC319166), July 28, 2004379

People v. Varrio Nueva Estrada Hollenbeck (Los Angeles Case BC319981), August 12,2004379

People v. Parkside Bulldogs (Fresno Case 04CECG02777), September 27, 2004380

People v. Southside Montebello (Los Angeles Case BC324344), November 10,2004380

People v. California Garden Crips (San Bernardino Case SCVSS119636),November 23, 2004381

People v. 42nd, 43rd, 48th Street Gangster Crips (Los Angeles Case BC326016), December 16, 2004381

People v. Broderick Boys (Yolo County Case CV04-2085), December 30, 2004381

Year 2005382

People v. Grape Street Crips (Los Angeles Case BC330087), March 10, 2005382

People v. Hoovers and Troubles (Los Angeles Case BC330272), March 15, 2005383

People v. 18th St. CLCS and Nine Other Gangs (Los Angeles Case BC332713), May 2, 2005383

People v. Vista Homeboys (San Diego Case GIN044867), May 27, 2005385

Example of Serving a Large Number of Defendants at One Time385

People v. Lamparas Primera and Southside (Santa Barbara 1148758), June 1, 2005386

People v. Big Hazard (Los Angeles Case BC335749), June 28, 2005386

People v. Old Town National City (San Diego Case GIS22336), October 7, 2005387

People v. Hoovers Gang (Los Angeles Case BC341872), October 24, 2005387

People v. Modoc Boys (Fresno Case 05CECG03696), November 28, 2005389

San Francisco County Takes a Look at the Gang Injunction Policy389

Not Every Injunction Considered Is Implemented: PPHG (Pimps, Playboys,Hustlers, and Gangsters) Example390

Year 2006390

People v. Olive Street Pomona (Los Angeles Case KC047752), February 1, 2006390

People v. Geer Street and Schoolyard Crips (Los Angeles Case BC349468), March 23,2006390

City of San Diego v. West Coast Crips (San Diego Case GIC864852), April 25, 2006391

People v. Playboys (Los Angeles Case BC351990), May 8, 2006391

People v. Black P Stones (Los Angeles Case BC352951), May 25, 2006392

People v. White Fence (Los Angeles Case BC353596), June 8, 2006392

People v. Santa Nita (Orange County Case 06CC06903), June 8, 2006392

People v. Southside Chiques (Ventura Case CIV242491), July 27, 2006394

People v. East Side Victoria (San Bernardino VCVVS042664), August 2, 2006394

People v. Orange Cove Rifa Bulldogs and Orange Cove Sur (Fresno County Case 06CECG02815), August 23, 2006395

People v. Clover, Eastlake, and Lincoln Heights (Los Angeles County Case BC358881), September 20, 2006395

People v. Oakdale Mob (San Francisco Case CGC06456517), September 27, 2006395

People v. Dogtown (Los Angeles BC359945), October 6, 2006396

People v. Highland Park (Los Angeles County Case BC359944), October 6, 2006396

People v. Junior Mafia Gang (Los Angeles County VC047440),October 6, 2006397

People v. Boys from the Hood (Orange County 06CC10916), October 12, 2006397

People v. Whittier Varrio Locos (Los Angeles County BC363464),December 15, 2006398

People v. Westside Gang (San Diego Case GIN057995), December 26, 2006398

People v. Diablos Gang (San Diego Case GIN057995), December 26, 2006398

Year 2007398

Stay-Away Orders Used in Connection with Gang Injunctions398

San Bernardino District Attorney Forms Gang Injunction Unit399

Canoga Park Alabama, March 21, 2007399

Los Angeles City Attorney Establishes Gang Injunction Guidelines399

Los Angeles Police Form "Top 10" Gang List400

People v. Norte?os (San Francisco Case CGC-07-464492), June 21, 2007400

People v. Chopper City, Knock Out Posse,Norte?os, and Eddy Rock (San Francisco Case CGC-07-464493), June 21, 2007401

AB 104 Signed401

People v. Hawaiian Gardens (Los Angeles Case BC375773), September 21, 2007402

People v. East Side Riva (Riverside Case RIC478810), August 22, 2007402

People v. Varrio Viejo (Orange County 07CC19689), October 11, 2007403

People v. Varrio Chico (Orange County 07CC19690), October 11, 2007404

People v. Varrio San Marcos (San Diego 07-00057284), October 19, 2007405

People v. Rolling 40's Crips, 46 Top Dollar Hustler Crips, and 46 Neighborhood Crips (Los Angeles Case BC380229),November 5, 2007405

Dog Pound Gangsters (Fresno County Case 07GI05), November 29, 2007407

People v. 204th Street and Eastside Torrance (Los Angeles BC381942),December 7, 2007411

Year 2008412

People v. Mob Piru Gang Compton (Los Angeles TC021658), January 24, 2008412

People v. San Fer Gang (Case No.BC388726), April 10, 2008413

People v. South Side Kings (Tulare County Case 08-226862), April 28, 2008413

People v. Northside Visalia/Mexican Gangster Boys/Encina Street Riders/Northside Birdland (Tulare County 0-226863), May 6, 2008415

People v. Oriental Troop/Mongolian Boys Society/Lao Pride Gangsters (Tulare County 08-226863), May 12, 2008415

People v. Southside Rialto (San Bernardino CIVSS808850), July l, 2008415

People v. Colton City Crips (San Bernardino CIVSS811223), August 18, 2008416

People v. All for Crime, Barrio Mojados, Blood Stone Villans, Florencia 13, Oriental Boyz, and Pueblo Bishops (LA Case BC397522), September 5, 2008416

People v. Orange County Criminals (Orange Co. Case 30-2008-00107172), June 4, 2008417

People v. Barrio Dream Home Gang (Riverside INC077903), June 10, 2008418

People v. East Side Pain (ESP), aka Ghost Town Bloods (LA Case BC 399741),October 10, 2008418

People v. Temple Street (LA Case BC401190), November 3, 2008420

People v. Toonerville Gang (LA Case BC401928), November 14, 2008420

People v. Florencia 13 (Case BC403340),December 8, 2008420

Year 2009424

People v. 5th and Hill Gang (LA Case BC380877), January 6, 2009424

True Crime Boys (Riverside Case INC085113), March 30, 2009425

West Drive Locos (Riverside Case INC085116), March 30, 2009425

Varrio East Side Reedley (VESR) (Fresno DA Case 09GI06), March 20, 2009426

People v. Barrio Van Nuys (LA Case BC413147), May 6, 2009426

Orange Varrio Cypress Gang (Orange Case 30-2009-00118739), May 14, 2009428

Fairfield Norte?os, Solano County District Attorney428

Swan Bloods, Florencia 13, Main Street Crips, and 7-Trey Hustlers Gangster Crips (Los Angeles Case BC415694),June 12, 2009429

People v. Deep South Side Nortenos (Case 642033 (South Modesto) Stanislaus County), July 1, 2010429

People v. Monrovia Nuevo Varrio and Duroc Crips (Case BC423490 Los Angeles County), October 9, 2009429

Inland Empire Black Rag Mafia: Not Sought431

Hard Times Gang (OC Case 30-2009- 00325327 Garden Grove Gang Injunction), December 3, 2009431

Adelanto's Brown Pride Gang (CIVVS908103 San Bernardino County), December 17, 2009432

Chapter 14 Gang Injunctions 2010 and Beyond433

Year 2010433

People v. North Side Oakland Gang (Alameda Case), February 2010433

People v. Jeffrey Street Gang (Orange Co.Case 30-2010-00363220), April 15, 2010434

People v. Westside Gang (San Diego Case 37-2009-00061924), May 22, 2010435

People v. Diablos Gang (San Diego Case 37-2009-00061923), May 22, 2010435

People v. Center Street Gang (San Diego Case 37-2010-00051319), May 24, 2010436

April 22, 2010, Santa Barbara Considering Injunctions437

People v. Central City Skid Row Gangs (Grape St. and Others) (Los Angeles Case BC435316), April 7, 2010438

People v. Metro Transit Assassins Gang (Ls Angeles Case BC44003), June 21, 2010438

People v. Down Below Gangsters and Towerside Gang (San Francisco Case CG-C-10-502262), August 5, 2010438

People v. South Side Indio Gang (Riverside Case INC10010946), November 2010439

Chapter 15 Gang Injunctions Outside California441

Texas441

Austin, Texas441

San Antonio, Texas—Lincoln Court Gangsters and Lincoln Court Kings442

El Paso, Texas—Barrio Azteca443

Wichita Falls, Texas—Varrio Carnales444

Utah447

Minnesota448

Tennessee449

Chapter 16 How Many Gangs, Gang Members, and Gang Injunctions Are There?451

Synopsis of County Analysis477

Chapter 17 Gang Injunctions, Gang Abatement, and the Law479

Case Law: City of Chicago v. Morales,119

S.Ct. 1849. (Chicago Antiloitering Ordinance)479

Case Law: People v. Gonzales, 910 P.2d 1366 (Cal. 1996)480

Case Law: People v. Acuna (Cal. App. 1995), April 24, 1995481

Case Law: People ex rel. Gallo v. Acuna (1997), 14 Cal. 4th 1090481

Issue of Procedural Due Process483

Issue of Vagueness485

Issue of Overbreadth488

Issue of Right to Free Association489

Issue of Free Speech492

Case Law: In Re Englebrecht, 67 Cal. App. 486, 1998494

Case Law: lraheta v. Superior Court of LA, 70 Cal. App. 4th 1500, 1999496

Yolo Appeal Goes to Court497

Gang Abatement and Prevention Act of 2007500

Orange Varrio Cypress Case 30-2009-00118739, filed May 14, 2009504

Gang Abatement and Prevention Act of 2009505

Yolo County Decision (Case CV CV 04-002085), March 29, 2011506

Due Process Case: Manuel Vasquez, et al. v.Tony Rackaukas, et al. (SACV 09-1090-VBF),April 1,2011509

The State Case Synopsis509

The Federal Case511

Chapter 18 Gang Abatement Program Elements513

Step 1: Select Addresses for Inspection514

Step 2: Conduct Inspections515

Step 3: Prepare Case Information516

Step 4: Case Processing517

Step 5: Reinspection, Case Closing,and Assessment517

Abatement Laws by State Examples518

Arkansas518

California518

Florida519

Georgia520

Illinois520

Indiana520

Iowa521

Kansas521

Louisiana521

Minnesota522

Mississippi522

Missouri523

North Carolina523

Ohio523

South Carolina524

Tennessee524

Texas525

Virginia525

Washington525

Wisconsin526

Chapter 19 Graffiti Abatement527

Vandalism Impact527

Taggers vs. Gangsters530

Police Response535

Suppression536

Gang Injunctions536

Prevention Techniques537

Intervention with Vandals538

Lockup Aerosol Spray Paint Containers and Marker Paints538

Glass Etching Cream/Product Display under Lock and Key540

Clean Up Graffiti Right Away—After It Has Been Documented541

Educating Parents and the Community543

Graffiti Reward Programs544

Legal Locations to Do Graffiti545

Graffiti Hotlines545

Vandalism and the Media/Antigraffiti Propaganda546

Vandalism Prosecution547

Aggregation of Damages: Graffiti Tracker Databases548

Damage or Cost Experts: Proof of Amount of Damages549

Establishing a Lack of Permission550

Restitution551

Suspension of License552

Antigraffiti Murals552

Removal of Graffiti by Inmates553

Property Damage and Parental Responsibility553

Damage of Property Used for Religious or Educational Purposes554

Community Service as Condition of Probation for Offense Involving Graffiti555

Defacing Private Residences, Offices, Businesses, or Commercial Property555

Chapter 20 Private Property Owners' Role and Liability,CPTED, and Crime-Free Multihousing557

Crime-Free Multihousing Program557

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)560

Improve Surveillance563

Improve Access Controls564

Increase Defensible Space565

Crime-Free Leases (Sample): It's Worth the Effort565

Verify the Information Given567

Communication Is the Key568

Three-Phase Program569

Phase 1570

Phase 2571

Phase 3571

Full Certification572

The Crime-Free Hotel/Motel Program572

Training Coordinators574

Neighborhood Watch574

Controlling Gangs575

Eviction Process578

Three-Day Notices578

Failure to Pay Rent: Notice to Pay or Quit578

Violations of Rental Agreement/Property Damage to Premises: Notice to Perform Covenant or Quit or Notice to Quit578

Thirty-Day Notices579

The Unlawful Detainer Procedure579

Eviction Service and Procedures580

Bibliography581

Index603