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化学 全1册
  • 课程教材研究所编著 著
  • 出版社: 北京:人民教育出版社
  • ISBN:7107167332
  • 出版时间:2003
  • 标注页数:326页
  • 文件大小:62MB
  • 文件页数:336页
  • 主题词:

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图书目录

Introduction1

Chapter 1 Air and Oxygen7

1.1 Air8

1.2 Properties and Uses of Oxygen13

1.3 Methods for Oxygen Preparation20

1.4 Combustion and Slow Oxidation24

Chapter Summary30

Chapter 2 Molecules and Atoms34

2.1 Molecules34

2.2 Atoms40

2.3 Elements and Symbols of Elements48

2.4 Chemical Formula and Relative Molecular Mass54

Chapter Summary59

Chapter 3 Water and Hydrogen62

3.1 Water Being the Precious Natural Resource for Human Beings63

3.2 Composition of Water67

3.3 Laboratory Preparation of Hydrogen69

3.4 Properties and Uses of Hydrogen74

3.5 Preliminary Study on Atomic Electron Configurations81

3.6 Chemical Valency87

Chapter Summary93

Chapter 4 Chemical Equation97

4.1 The Law of Conservation of Mass97

4.2 Chemical Equations99

4.3 Calculations Based on Chemical Equations103

Chapter Summary106

Chapter 5 Carbon and Carbon Compounds109

5.1 Some Elementary Forms of Carbon110

5.2 Chemical Properties of Elementary Carbon115

5.3 Properties of Carbon Dioxide119

5.4 Laboratory Preparation of Carbon Dioxide128

5.5 Carbon Monoxide133

5.6 Methane139

5.7 Ethanol and Acetic Acid148

5.8 Coal and Petroleum153

Chapter Summary158

Chapter 6 Iron164

6.1 Properties of Iron166

6.2 Some Common Metals171

Chapter Summary179

Chapter 7 Solutions182

7.1 Solutions183

7.2 Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions188

7.3 Solubility191

7.4 Filtration and Crystallization196

7.5 Expression Methods of Solution Composition199

Chapter Summary204

Chapter 8 Acids,Bases,and Salts208

8.1 Electric Conductivities of Acid,Base,and Salt Solutions208

8.2 Some Common Acids215

8.3 General Characteristics of Acids and pH225

8.4 Common Bases and Their General Properties231

8.5 Common Salts237

8.6 Chemical Fertilizers248

Chapter Summary256

General Review Exercises260

Student Experiment270

Requirements of Student Experiment270

Introduction of Common Apparatuses in the Chemistry Experiment at Junior High School272

Basic Operations of Chemistry Experiment274

Experiment 1 Behaviors of a Chemical Changes285

Experiment 2 Movement of Molecules287

Experiment 3 Purification of Crude Salt288

Experiment 4 Preparation and Properties of Oxygen291

Experiment 5 Preparation and Properties of Hydrogen295

Experiment 6 Preparation and Properties of Carbon Dioxide297

Experiment 7 Preparation of a Solution of a Given Mass Percentage of a Solute299

Experiment 8 Properties of Acids300

Experiment 9 Properties of Bases and Salts303

Experiment 10 Study Questions of Laboratory306

Optional Experiment 1 Recycling of Manganese Dioxide from the Remains of the Reaction of Potassium Chlorate to Make Oxygen307

Optional Experiment 2 Absorption Capability of Charcoal or Activated Carbon308

Optional Experiment 3 Determination of Acidity-Basicity of a Water Sample and Soil a Sample309

Optional Experiment 4 Preparation of Crystals310

Optional Experiment 5 Determination of the Solubility of KNO3 at Different Temperatures312

Optional Experiment 6 Electric Conductivity of a Solution314

Optional Experiment 7 Identification of Some Salts315

Optional Experiment 8 Simple Identification of Some Common Organic Compounds316

Optional Experiment 9 Preparation of Zinc Sulfate Crystals from the Zinc Skin of Used Dry Cells317

Optional Experiment 10 Self Preparation of Acid-base Indicators318

Optional Experiment 11 Fun Experiments319

Optional Experiment 12 Complementary Experiments for Local Textbooks321

Appendix Ⅰ Some Terms in the Book with Chinese Translation322

Appendix Ⅱ Table of Relative Atomic Mass325

Appendix Ⅲ Table of Solubility of Some Acids,Bases,and Salts(20 ℃)326

Periodic Table of the Elements327

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