现代粒子物理学导论 第3版=A Modern lntroduction to Particle Physics 3rd EditionPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

现代粒子物理学导论 第3版=A Modern lntroduction to Particle Physics 3rd EditionPDF格式电子书版下载

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1．Introduction1

1.1 Fundamental Forces1

1.1.1 The Gravitational Force2

1.1.2 The Weak Nuclear Force2

1.1.3 The Electromagnetic Force3

1.1.4 The Strong Nuclear Force4

1.2 Relative Strength of Four Fundamental Forces4

1.3 Range of the Three Basic Forces5

1.4 Classification of Matter7

1.5 Strong Color Charges9

1.6 Fundamental Role of“Charges” in the Unification of Forces10

1.7 Strong Quark-Quark Force16

1.8 Grand Unification18

1.9 Units and Notation19

1.10 Problems21

1.11 References21

2．Scattering and Particle Interaction23

2.1 Introduction23

2.2 Kinematics of a Scattering Process26

2.3 Interaction Picture31

2.4 Scattering Matrix(S-Matrix)32

2.5 Phase Space36

2.6 Examples39

2.6.1 Two-body Scattering39

2.6.2 Three-body Decay41

2.7 Electromagnetic Interaction50

2.8 Weak Interaction52

2.9 Hadronic Cross-section55

2.10 Problems56

2.11 References58

3．Space-Time Symmetries59

3.1 Introduction59

3.1.1 Rotation and SO(3) Group60

3.1.2 Translation62

3.1.3 Lorentz Group63

3.2 Invariance Principle65

3.2.1 U Continuous65

3.2.2 U is Discrete(e.g.Space Reflection)66

3.3 Parity66

3.4 Intrinsic Parity68

3.4.1 Intrinsic Parity of Pion70

3.5 Parity Constraints on S-Matrix for Hadronic Reactions71

3.5.1 Scattering of Spin 0 Particles on Spin 1/2 Particles71

3.5.2 Decay of a Spin 0+ Particle into Three Spinless Particles Each Having Odd Parity72

3.6 Time Reversal73

3.6.1 Unitarity74

3.6.2 Reciprocity Relation75

3.7 Applications76

3.7.1 Detailed Balance Principle76

3.8 Unitarity Constraints77

3.8.1 Two-Particle Partial Wave Unitarity79

3.9 Problems85

3.10 References90

4．Internal Symmetries91

4.1 Selection Rules and Globally Conserved Quantum Numbers91

4.2 Isospin97

4.2.1 Electromagnetic Interaction and Isospin100

4.2.2 Weak Interaction and Isospin101

4.3 Resonance Production101

4.3.1 △-resonance103

4.3.2 Spin of △103

4.4 Charge Conjugation107

4.5 G-Parity112

4.6 Problems113

4.7 References117

5．Unitary Groups and SU(3)119

5.1 Unitary Groups and SU(3)119

5.2 Particle Representations in Flavor SU(3)124

5.2.1 Mesons126

5.2.2 Baryons128

5.3 U-Spin132

5.4 Irreducible Representations of SU(3)134

5.4.1 Young's Tableaux135

5.5 SU(N)141

5.6 Applications of Flavor SU(3)145

5.6.1 SU(3) Invariant BBP Couplings145

5.6.2 VPP Coupling146

5.7 Mass Splitting in Flavor SU(3)148

5.8 Problems154

5.9 References158

6．SU(6) and Quark Model159

6.1 SU(6)159

6.1.1 SU(6) Wave Function for Mesons160

6.2 Magnetic Moments of Baryons164

6.3 Radiative Decays of Vector Mesons170

6.4 Radiative Decays(Complementary Derivation)176

6.4.1 Mesonic Radiative Decays V=P+γ176

6.4.2 Baryonic Radiative Decay177

6.5 Problems179

6.6 References180

7．Color,Gauge Principle and Quantum Chromodynamics181

7.1 Evidence for Color181

7.2 Gauge Principle184

7.2.1 Aharanov and Bohm Experiment186

7.2.2 Gauge Principle for Relativistic Quantum Mechanics188

7.3 Non-Abelion Local Gauge Transformations(Yang-Mills)190

7.4 Quantum Chromodynamics(QCD)194

7.4.1 Conserved Current197

7.4.2 Experimental Determinations of αs(q2) and Asymptotic Freedom of QCD199

7.5 Hadron Spectroscopy202

7.5.1 One Gluon Exchange Potential202

7.5.2 Long Range QCD Motivated Potential205

7.5.3 Spin-Spin Interaction209

7.6 The Mass Spectrum209

7.6.1 Meson Mass Relations211

7.6.2 Baryon Mass Spectrum213

7.7 Problems217

7.8 References219

8．Heavy Flavors221

8.1 Discovery of Charm221

8.1.1 Isospin223

8.1.2 SU(3) Classification223

8.2 Charm224

8.2.1 Heavy Mesons224

8.2.2 The Fifth Quark Flavor:Bottom Mesons228

8.2.3 The Sixth Quark Flavor:The Top228

8.3 Strong and Radiative Decays of D＊ Mesons229

8.4 Heavy Baryons232

8.5 Quarkonium233

8.6 Leptonic Decay Width of Quarkonium237

8.7 Hadronic Decay Width238

8.8 Non-Relativistic Treatment of Quarkonium240

8.9 Cbservations245

8.10 Tetraquark246

8.11 Problems249

8.12 References254

9．Heavy Quark Effective Theory255

9.1 Effective Lagrangian255

9.2 Spin Symmetry of Heavy Quark259

9.3 Mass Spectroscopy for Hadrons with One Heavy Quark264

9.4 The P-wave Heavy Mesons:Mass Spectroscopy269

9.5 Decays of P-wave Mesons275

9.6 Problems277

9.7 References277

10．Weak Interaction279

10.1 V-A Interaction279

10.1.1 Helicity of the Neutrino281

10.2 Classification of Weak Processes281

10.2.1 Purely Leptonic Processes281

10.2.2 Semileptonic Processes283

10.2.3 Non-Leptonic Processes287

10.2.4 μ-Decay288

10.2.5 Remarks289

10.2.6 Semi-Leptonic Processes291

10.3 Baryon Decays292

10.4 Pseudoscalar Meson Decays296

10.4.1 Pion Decay296

10.4.2 Strangeness Changing Semi-Leptonic Decays297

10.5 Hadronic Weak Decays299

10.5.1 Non-Leptonic Decays of Hyperons299

10.5.2 △I=1/2 Rule for Hyperon Decays302

10.5.3 Non-leptonic Hyperon Decays in Non-Relativistic Quark Model304

10.6 Problems307

10.7 References310

11．Properties of Weak Hadronic Currents and Chiral Symmetry311

11.1 Introduction311

11.2 Conserved Vector Current Hypothesis(CVC)311

11.3 Partially Conserved Axial Vector Current Hypothesis(PCAC)314

11.4 Current Algebra and Chiral Symmetry317

11.4.1 Explicit Breaking of Chiral Symmetry320

11.4.2 An Application of Chiral Symmetry to Non-Leptonic Decays of Hyperons323

11.5 Axial Anomaly325

11.6 QCD Sum Rules327

11.7 Problens328

11.8 References329

12．Neutrino331

12.1 Introduction331

12.2 Intrinsic Properties of Neutrinos332

12.3 Mass332

12.3.1 Constraints on Neutrino Mass333

12.3.2 Dirac and Majorana Masses337

12.3.3 Fermion Masses in the Standard Model(SM) and See-saw Mechanism339

12.4 Neutrino Oscillations343

12.4.1 Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein Effect345

12.4.2 Evolution of Flavor Eigenstates in Matter349

12.5 Evidence for Neutrino Oscillations351

12.5.1 Disappearance Experiments351

12.5.2 Appearance Experiments351

12.6 Neutrino Mass Models and Mixing Matrix and Symmetries355

12.7 Neutrino Magnetic Moment360

12.8 Problems362

12.9 References363

13．Electroweak Unification365

13.1 Introduction365

13.2 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Higgs Mechanism366

13.2.1 Higgs Mechanism368

13.2.2 Gauge Symmetry Breaking for Chiral U1？U2 Group369

13.3 Renormalizability372

13.4 Electroweak Unification374

13.4.1 Experimental Consequences of the Electroweak Unification381

13.4.2 Need for Radiative Corrections382

13.4.3 Experiments which Determine sin2θW387

13.5 Decay Widths of W and Z Bosons389

13.6 Tests of Yang-Mills Character of Gauge Bosons395

13.7 Higgs Boson Mass399

13.8 Upper Bound399

13.8.1 Unitarity399

13.8.2 Finiteness of Couplings400

13.9 Standard Model,Higgs Boson Searches,Production at De-cays401

13.9.1 LEP-2401

13.9.2 LHC and Tevatron402

13.10 Two Higgs Doublet Model(2HDM)406

13.11 GIM Mechanism411

13.12 Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix414

13.13 Axial Anomaly416

13.14 Problems421

13.15 References423

14．Deep Inelastic Scattering425

14.1 Introduction425

14.2 Deep-Inelastic Lepton-Nucleon Scattering427

14.3 Parton Model431

14.4 Deep Inelastic Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering436

14.5 Sum Rules439

14.6 Deep-Inelastic Scattering Involving Neutral Weak Currents446

14.7 Problems447

14.8 References450

15．Weak Decays of Heavy Flavors451

15.1 Leptonic Decays of τ Lepton451

15.2 Semi-Hadronic Decays of τ Lepton453

15.2.1 Special Cases454

15.3 Weak Decays of Heavy Flavors457

15.3.1 Leptonic Decays of D and B Mesons458

15.3.2 Semileptonic Decays of D and B Mesons459

15.3.3 (Exclusive)Semileptonic Decays of D and B Mesons464

15.3.4 Weak Hadronic Decays of B Mesons471

15.3.5 Inclusive Hadronic B Decays476

15.3.6 Radiative Decays of Bq Mesons478

15.4 Inclusive Hadronic Decays of D-Mesons479

15.4.1 Scattering and Annihilation Diagrams480

15.5 Problems484

15.6 References487

16．Particle Mixing and CP-Violation489

16.1 Introduction489

16.2 CPT and CP Invariance492

16.3 CP-Violation in the Standard Model494

16.4 Particle Mixing497

16.5 K0-？0 Complex and CP-Violation in K-Decay504

16.6 B0-？0 Complex511

16.7 CP-Violation in B-Decays515

16.8 CP-Violation in Hadronic Weak Decays of Baryons518

16.9 Problems522

16.10 References523

17．Grand Unification,Supersymmetry and Strings525

17.1 Grand Unification525

17.1.1 q2 Evolution of Gauge Coupling Constants and the Grand Unification Mass Scale529

17.1.2 General Consequences of GUTS531

17.2 PoincaréGroup and Supersymmetry534

17.2.1 Introduction534

17.2.2 Poincaré Group537

17.2.3 Two-Component Weyl Spinors539

17.2.4 Spinor Algebra,Supersymmetry540

17.2.5 Supersymmetric Multiplets542

17.3 Supersymmetry and Strings544

17.3.1 Introduction544

17.3.2 Supersymmetry545

17.4 String Theory and Duality548

17.4.1 M-theory550

17.5 Some Important Results552

17.6 Conclusions552

17.7 Problems552

17.8 References554

18．Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics557

18.1 Cosmological Principle and Expansion of the Universe557

18.2 The Standard Model of Cosmology559

18.3 Cosmological Parameters and the Standard Model Solutions562

18.4 Accelerating Universe and Dark Energy566

18.4.1 Evidence from Supernovae567

18.4.2 Evidence from CMB Data568

18.4.3 Quintessence571

18.4.4 Modified Gravity573

18.5 Hot Big Bang:Thermal History ofthe Universe574

18.5.1 Thermal Equilibrium574

18.5.2 The Radiation Era576

18.6 Freeze Out581

18.7 Limit on Neutrino Mass584

18.8 Primordial Nucleosynthesis585

18.9 Infation588

18.9.1 Horizon Problem588

18.9.2 Flatness Problem590

18.9.3 Realization of Inflation591

18.9.4 Slow-roll Inflation593

18.10 Baryogenesis595

18.10.1 Sakharov's Conditions597

18.10.2 Various Scenarios for Baryogenesis598

18.10.3 Leptogenesis601

18.11 Problems606

18.12 References607

Appendix A Quantum Field Theory609

A.1 Spin 0 Field609

A.2 Spin 1/2 Particle611

A.2.1 Pauli Representation of γ Matrices612

A.2.2 Weyl Representation of γ Matrices613

A.3 Trace of γ Matrices616

A.4 Spin 1 Field618

A.5 Massive Spin 1 Particle619

A.6 Feynman Rules for S-Matrix in Momentum Space620

A.7 Application of Feynman Rules621

A.7.1 e+e-→Hadrons624

A.7.2 Electron Scattering and Structureless Spin 1/2 Target625

A.8 Discrete Symmetries628

A.8.1 Charge Conjugation628

A.8.2 Space Reflection631

A.8.3 Time Reversal632

A.9 Problems633

Appendix B Renormalization Group and Running Coupling Constant639

B.1 Feynman Rules for Quantum Chromodynamics639

B.2 Renormalization Group,Coupling Constant and Asymp-totic Freedom640

B.3 Running Coupling Constant in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)645

B.4 Running Coupling Constant for SU(2) Gauge Group646

B.5 Renormalization Group and High Q2 Behavior of Green's Function647

B.5.1 Gluon Propagator649

B.5.2 Fermion Propagator650

B.6 References for Appendices652

Index653