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Contents1

Chapter One Statics1

§1—1 Force1

§1—2 Force of Gravity.Elastic Force.Frictional Force3

1．Forces of Grayity3

2．Elastic Forces4

3．Frictional Forces5

§1—3 Newton's Third Law Actions and Reactions8

1．Composition of Concurrent Forces13

§1—4 Composition and Resolution of Forces13

2．Resolution of a Force16

3．Composition by Rectangular Resolution18

§1—5 Newton's First Law of Motion.Equilibrium19

§1—6 Moment of a Force Equilibrium of a Body with Fixed Axis.Couple23

1．Moment of a Force23

2．Condition for Equilibrium of a Body with a Fixed Axis25

3．Couples26

Questious29

§2—1 Motions31

Chapter Two Kinematics31

§2—2 Displacement33

§2—3 Uniform Motion on a Straight line35

§2—4 Average Velocity.Non-Uniform Motion38

§2—5 Instantaneous Velocity39

§2—6 Acceleration42

§2—7 Uniformly Accelerated Motion Along a Straight Line44

§2—8 Relative Motion51

§2—9 Rotation53

§2—10 Uniform Circular Motion54

Questions58

Chapter Three Newton's Second Law.Curvilinear Motion.Gravitation60

§3—1 Inertia Mass60

1．Inertia60

2．Mass61

§3—2 Newton's Second Law63

§3—3 Applications of Newton's Second Law to Rectilinear Motions68

1．Fundamental Problems68

2．Combining Newton's Second Law and Newton's Third Law72

§3—4 Newton's Second Law and Curvilinear Motion79

1．Condition for Curvilinear Motion79

2．Motion of a Projectile79

§3—5 Newton's Second Law and Uniform Circular Motion84

§3—6 Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation88

1．Kepler's Law of Planetary Motion88

2．Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation89

3．Weight and Mass93

4．Motion of Satellites96

§3—7 Acceleration and Deformation99

1．Forces of Contact100

2．Forces of Grayity102

§3—8 Ranges of Validity of Newton's Laws of Motion105

Questions106

Chapter Four Conservation Laws109

§4—1 Impulse and Momentum Theorem of Momentum110

§4—2 Conservation of Momentum117

§4—3 Applications of Conservation of Momentum119

§4—4 Work and Kinetic Energy126

§4—5 Power134

§4—6 Gravitational Potential Energy136

1．Gravitational Potential Energy136

2．The Path-Independence of the Work of Gravity139

§4—7 Conservation of Mechanical Energy145

§4—8 Generalized Work-Energy Theorem149

§4—9 Elastic Potential Energy152

§4—10 Collisions156

1．Head-on Elastic Collision156

2．Inelastic Collision160

§4—11 Conservation of Energy162

Questions164

Chapter Five Mechanical Oscillations and Waves167

§5—1 Oscillations167

1．Periodic Motions167

2．Oscillations167

§5—2 Simple Harmonic Motion169

1．Spring-Mass System169

2．Qualitative Analysis172

3．Energy Considerations173

§5—3 Description of SHM178

1．Period of SHM178

2．Displacement-Time Relation179

3．Phase180

§5—4 Simple Pendulum184

§5—5 Damped Oscillation,Forced Oscillation,and Resonance187

1．Damped Oscillation187

2．Forced Oscillation187

3．Resonance188

§5—6 Mechanical Waves189

§5—7 Transverse Waves191

§5—8 Longitudinal Waves194

Questions197

Chapter Six Gases.Molecules and the First Law of Thermod ynamics199

§6—1 State Parameters of a Gas199

1．State Parameters199

2．Equilibrium State201

3．Process202

§6—2 Equation of State of Ideal Gas203

§6—3 The Gas Laws204

§6—4 Molecular Theory211

1．The Molecule211

2．Molecular Thermal Motion213

3．Molecular Forces215

§6—5 Kinetic Theory of Gases217

1．The Ideal Gas Model217

2．The Pressure of Gases218

3．Temperature221

§6—6 The First Law of Thermodynamics222

1．Internal Energy of a Body222

2．Ways of Changing the Internal Energy of a Body224

3．The First Law of Thermodynamics226

4．Application of the First Law to Ideal Gases229

Questions231

Chapter Seven Electric Field233

§7—1 Coulomb's Law233

1．Electric Charge233

2．Coulomb's Law237

§7—2 The Electric Field241

1．The Concept of Field241

2．Electric Field Intensity242

§7—3 Lines of Force247

§7—4 Electric Potential252

1．Electric potential Energy252

2．Electric Potential255

4．Equipotential Surface259

3．Potential Difference259

§7—5　Relation Between E and PD263

§7—6 Motion of Charged Particles in Electric Field265

§7—7 Conductors in Electric Field269

1．Conductors and Insulators269

2．Electrostatic Equilibrium270

3．Hollow Conductors273

§7—8 Capacitors and Capacitance276

Questions281

1．Electric Current285

§8—1 Electric Current285

Chapter Eight Direct Current Circuit285

2．Condition of the Existence of a Current in a Conductor286

3．Direction of Current286

4．Current Intensity287

5．Electron's Motion in Conductors288

6．Quantitative Analysis289

§8—2 Ohm's Law292

1．Resistance292

2．Ohm's Law for a Section of a circuit293

1．Resistors in Series294

3．Calculation of R294

§8—3 Resistors in Series and in Parallel294

2．Resistors in Parallel297

3．Rheostat299

§8—4 Galvanometer.Anmeter and Voltmeter302

1．Galvanometer302

2．Ammeter302

3．Voltmeter305

4．Measuring Resistance with Voltmeter and Ammeter307

5．Ohmmneter and Multimeter309

§8—5 Electromotive Force311

1．The Function of a Source in Maintaining a Steady Current311

2．Electromotive Force316

§8—6 Work and Power in a Complete Circuit317

1．Work and Power in a Seat of EMF317

2．Work and Power in the External Circuit317

3．Power Balance in a Complete Circuit318

§8—7 Ohm's Law For a Complete Circuit319

1．Ohm's Law For a Complete Circuit319

2．Terminal Voltage of a Cell320

3．Cells in Series and in Parallel322

Questions328

Chapter Nine Electromagnetic Phenomena332

§9—1 A Review of the Fundamentals of Magnetism332

1．Basic Magnetic phenomena332

2．Ampere 's Hypothesis for the Origin of Magnetism335

§9—2 Magnetic Field336

1．The Magnetic Field336

3．Direction of the Magnetic Field337

2．Magnetic Induction337

4．The Magnitude of B340

§9—3 Lines of Induction341

1．Lines of Magnetic Induction341

2．Magnetic Field Around a Long Straight Wire Carrying Current344

3．Magnet Field of a Circular Current Loop345

4．Solenoid346

5．An Important Feature of the Magnetic Field346

§9—4 Magnetic Flux347

6．The Earth's Magnetic Field347

§9—5 Magnetic Force in a Uniform Field348

1．Force On a Straight Conductor Carrying a Current348

2．Force and Torque on Wire Loops351

3．Force on Moving Charges——Lorentz Force355

§9—6 Electromagnetic Induction362

1．Basic Induction Phenomena362

2．Condition of Appearauce of Induced Current365

§9—7 Lenz's Law366

2．Faraday's Law of Induction370

§9—8 Faraday's Law of Induction370

1．Induced EMF370

§9—9 Self-Induction374

1．Self-Induction374

2．Self-Inductance375

Questions378

Chapter Ten A.C.Circuits383

§10—1 Generation of Alternating EMF383

1．Measurement of A.C387

§10—2 Effective Values387

2．Effective Values389

§10—3 A.C.Circuits392

1．A.C.Circuits392

2．Purely Resistive Circuits393

§10—4 Purely Inductive Circuit394

§10—5 Purely Capacitive Circuit399

§10—6 Transformer402

Questions406

§11—1 Electromagnetic Oscillation409

Chapter Eleven Electromagnetic Waves and Simple Electronics409

§11—2 Electromagnetic Waves414

1．Maxwell's Theory414

2．Electromagnetic Field and Electromagnetic Waves416

§11—3 Radiation of EM Waves Modulation419

1．Radiation of EM Waves419

2．Modulation422

§11—4 Semiconductors425

1．Intrinsic Semiconductors425

2．P—and N-Semiconductors427

§11—5 Diodes and Rectification429

1．Semiconductor Diodes429

2．Rectification431

§11—6 Transistors and Amplifiers434

1．Transistors434

2．Currents in Transistors Current Amplification435

3．Amplifiers438

1．Receiving Antenna441

2．Tuning Circuit441

§11—7 Receivers441

3．Detector442

4．Block Diagram of a Receiver444

Questions444

Chapter Twelve Geometrical Optics446

§12—1 The Rectilinear Propagation of Light446

§12—2 Laws of Reflection and Refraction447

1．Reflection,refraction and Absorption447

2．Laws of Reflection448

3．Laws of Refraction449

§12—3 Dispersion454

§12—4 Total Internal Reflection456

§12—5 Images461

1．How Our Eyes Locate an Object461

2．Virtual Images461

3．Real Images463

4．Images Formed By Reflection At Plane Surfaces463

5．Image Formed By Refraction At a Plane Surface465

1．Prism468

§12—6 Lenses468

2．Lenses469

3．Ray Diagram For Images473

4．Thin Lens Formula475

5．Typical Cases of Image Formation by a Converging Lens476

§12—7 Spherical Mirrors478

Questions480

Chapter Thirteen The Nature of Light482

2．The Wave Theory483

1．Corpuscular Theory483

§13—1 Corpuscular Theory and Wave Theory483

§13—2　Interference of Light485

1．Superposition of Waves485

2．Interference of Waves485

3．Coherent Conditions490

4．Interference of Light Young's Double-Slit Experiment491

§13—3 Interference in Thin Films497

§13—4 Diffraction of Light500

1．Diffraction of Waves500

2．Diffraction of Light Single Slit Diffraction503

§13—5 Polarization of Light507

§13—6 Photoelectric Effect510

§13—7 Einstein's Photon Theory513

§13—8 Wave-Particle Duality515

1．Wave-Particle Duality of Light515

2．Statistical Interpretation516

3．Wave-Particle Duality of Matter519

Questions520

§14—1 Nuclear Model of the Atom523

Chapter Fourteen Atoms and Nuclei523

1．The Alpha-Particle Scattering Experiment524

2．Rutherford's Nuclear Model526

§14—2 Spectrum and Hydrogen Atom528

1．Spectra528

2．Spectrum of the Hydrogen Atom530

§14—3 The Bohr Atom532

1．Troubles With Rutherford's Atom532

2．The Bohr Atom533

3．Ex planation of the Spectrum of Hydrogen Atom535

§14—4 Laser538

§14—5 Radioactivity539

§14—6 Detection of Radiation543

1．Wilson's Cloud Chamber543

2．Geiger Couinter545

3．Photographic Emulsion545

§14—7 Nuclear Reactions and Transmutation of Nuclei546

§14—8 Structure of the Nucleus547

§14—9 Artificial Radioactivity549

§14—10 Binding Energy and Mass Defect550

§14—11 Fission and Fusion553

§14—12 Chain Reaction and Thermonuclear Reaction556

1．Chain Reaction556

2．Thermonuclear Reaction560

§14—13 Elementary Particles562

1．Elementary Particles562

2．Classification of Elementary Particles562

3．Some Important Facts About Elementary Particles563

Questions566

Appendix Vocabulary/Index568